"""Translation helper functions."""
import locale
import os
import re
import sys
import warnings
import gettext as gettext_module
from cStringIO import StringIO
from django.utils.importlib import import_module
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe,SafeData
from django.utils.thread_support import currentThread
# Translations are cached in a dictionary for every language+app tuple.
# The active translations are stored by threadid to make them thread local.
_translations = {}
_active = {}
# The default translation is based on the settings file.
_default = None
# This is a cache for normalized accept-header languages to prevent multiple
# file lookups when checking the same locale on repeated requests.
_accepted = {}
# Format of Accept-Language header values. From RFC 2616, section 14.4 and 3.9.
accept_language_re = re.compile(r'''
([A-Za-z]{1,8}(?:-[A-Za-z]{1,8})*|\*) # "en", "en-au", "x-y-z", "*"
(?:;q=(0(?:\.\d{,3})?|1(?:.0{,3})?))? # Optional "q=1.00", "q=0.8"
(?:\s*,\s*|$) # Multiple accepts per header.
''', re.VERBOSE)
def to_locale(language, to_lower=False):
"""
Turns a language name (en-us) into a locale name (en_US). If 'to_lower' is
True, the last component is lower-cased (en_us).
"""
p = language.find('-')
if p >= 0:
if to_lower:
return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1:].lower()
else:
# Get correct locale for sr-latn
if len(language[p+1:]) > 2:
return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1].upper()+language[p+2:].lower()
return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1:].upper()
else:
return language.lower()
def to_language(locale):
"""Turns a locale name (en_US) into a language name (en-us)."""
p = locale.find('_')
if p >= 0:
return locale[:p].lower()+'-'+locale[p+1:].lower()
else:
return locale.lower()
class DjangoTranslation(gettext_module.GNUTranslations):
"""
This class sets up the GNUTranslations context with regard to output
charset. Django uses a defined DEFAULT_CHARSET as the output charset on
Python 2.4.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
from django.conf import settings
gettext_module.GNUTranslations.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
# Starting with Python 2.4, there's a function to define
# the output charset. Before 2.4, the output charset is
# identical with the translation file charset.
try:
self.set_output_charset('utf-8')
except AttributeError:
pass
self.django_output_charset = 'utf-8'
self.__language = '??'
def merge(self, other):
self._catalog.update(other._catalog)
def set_language(self, language):
self.__language = language
def language(self):
return self.__language
def __repr__(self):
return "<DjangoTranslation lang:%s>" % self.__language
def translation(language):
"""
Returns a translation object.
This translation object will be constructed out of multiple GNUTranslations
objects by merging their catalogs. It will construct a object for the
requested language and add a fallback to the default language, if it's
different from the requested language.
"""
global _translations
t = _translations.get(language, None)
if t is not None:
return t
from django.conf import settings
globalpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.modules[settings.__module__].__file__), 'locale')
if settings.SETTINGS_MODULE is not None:
parts = settings.SETTINGS_MODULE.split('.')
project = import_module(parts[0])
projectpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(project.__file__), 'locale')
else:
projectpath = None
def _fetch(lang, fallback=None):
global _translations
loc = to_locale(lang)
res = _translations.get(lang, None)
if res is not None:
return res
def _translation(path):
try:
t = gettext_module.translation('django', path, [loc], DjangoTranslation)
t.set_language(lang)
return t
except IOError, e:
return None
res = _translation(globalpath)
# We want to ensure that, for example, "en-gb" and "en-us" don't share
# the same translation object (thus, merging en-us with a local update
# doesn't affect en-gb), even though they will both use the core "en"
# translation. So we have to subvert Python's internal gettext caching.
base_lang = lambda x: x.split('-', 1)[0]
if base_lang(lang) in [base_lang(trans) for trans in _translations]:
res._info = res._info.copy()
res._catalog = res._catalog.copy()
def _merge(path):
t = _translation(path)
if t is not None:
if res is None:
return t
else:
res.merge(t)
return res
for localepath in settings.LOCALE_PATHS:
if os.path.isdir(localepath):
res = _merge(localepath)
for appname in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
app = import_module(appname)
apppath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(app.__file__), 'locale')
if os.path.isdir(apppath):
res = _merge(apppath)
if projectpath and os.path.isdir(projectpath):
res = _merge(projectpath)
if res is None:
if fallback is not None:
res = fallback
else:
return gettext_module.NullTranslations()
_translations[lang] = res
return res
default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
current_translation = _fetch(language, fallback=default_translation)
return current_translation
def activate(language):
"""
Fetches the translation object for a given tuple of application name and
language and installs it as the current translation object for the current
thread.
"""
if isinstance(language, basestring) and language == 'no':
warnings.warn(
"The use of the language code 'no' is deprecated. "
"Please use the 'nb' translation instead.",
PendingDeprecationWarning
)
_active[currentThread()] = translation(language)
def deactivate():
"""
Deinstalls the currently active translation object so that further _ calls
will resolve against the default translation object, again.
"""
global _active
if currentThread() in _active:
del _active[currentThread()]
def deactivate_all():
"""
Makes the active translation object a NullTranslations() instance. This is
useful when we want delayed translations to appear as the original string
for some reason.
"""
_active[currentThread()] = gettext_module.NullTranslations()
def get_language():
"""Returns the currently selected language."""
t = _active.get(currentThread(), None)
if t is not None:
try:
return to_language(t.language())
except AttributeError:
pass
# If we don't have a real translation object, assume it's the default language.
from django.conf import settings
return settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
def get_language_bidi():
"""
Returns selected language's BiDi layout.
False = left-to-right layout
True = right-to-left layout
"""
from django.conf import settings
base_lang = get_language().split('-')[0]
return base_lang in settings.LANGUAGES_BIDI
def catalog():
"""
Returns the current active catalog for further processing.
This can be used if you need to modify the catalog or want to access the
whole message catalog instead of just translating one string.
"""
global _default, _active
t = _active.get(currentThread(), None)
if t is not None:
return t
if _default is None:
from django.conf import settings
_default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
return _default
def do_translate(message, translation_function):
"""
Translates 'message' using the given 'translation_function' name -- which
will be either gettext or ugettext. It uses the current thread to find the
translation object to use. If no current translation is activated, the
message will be run through the default translation object.
"""
eol_message = message.replace('\r\n', '\n').replace('\r', '\n')
global _default, _active
t = _active.get(currentThread(), None)
if t is not None:
result = getattr(t, translation_function)(eol_message)
else:
if _default is None:
from django.conf import settings
_default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
result = getattr(_default, translation_function)(eol_message)
if isinstance(message, SafeData):
return mark_safe(result)
return result
def gettext(message):
return do_translate(message, 'gettext')
def ugettext(message):
return do_translate(message, 'ugettext')
def gettext_noop(message):
"""
Marks strings for translation but doesn't translate them now. This can be
used to store strings in global variables that should stay in the base
language (because they might be used externally) and will be translated
later.
"""
return message
def do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, translation_function):
global _default, _active
t = _active.get(currentThread(), None)
if t is not None:
return getattr(t, translation_function)(singular, plural, number)
if _default is None:
from django.conf import settings
_default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
return getattr(_default, translation_function)(singular, plural, number)
def ngettext(singular, plural, number):
"""
Returns a UTF-8 bytestring of the translation of either the singular or
plural, based on the number.
"""
return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ngettext')
def ungettext(singular, plural, number):
"""
Returns a unicode strings of the translation of either the singular or
plural, based on the number.
"""
return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ungettext')
def check_for_language(lang_code):
"""
Checks whether there is a global language file for the given language
code. This is used to decide whether a user-provided language is
available. This is only used for language codes from either the cookies or
session.
"""
from django.conf import settings
globalpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.modules[settings.__module__].__file__), 'locale')
if gettext_module.find('django', globalpath, [to_locale(lang_code)]) is not None:
return True
else:
return False
def get_language_from_request(request):
"""
Analyzes the request to find what language the user wants the system to
show. Only languages listed in settings.LANGUAGES are taken into account.
If the user requests a sublanguage where we have a main language, we send
out the main language.
"""
global _accepted
from django.conf import settings
globalpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.modules[settings.__module__].__file__), 'locale')
supported = dict(settings.LANGUAGES)
if hasattr(request, 'session'):
lang_code = request.session.get('django_language', None)
if lang_code in supported and lang_code is not None and check_for_language(lang_code):
return lang_code
lang_code = request.COOKIES.get(settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME)
if lang_code and lang_code not in supported:
lang_code = lang_code.split('-')[0] # e.g. if fr-ca is not supported fallback to fr
if lang_code and lang_code in supported and check_for_language(lang_code):
return lang_code
accept = request.META.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', '')
for accept_lang, unused in parse_accept_lang_header(accept):
if accept_lang == '*':
break
# We have a very restricted form for our language files (no encoding
# specifier, since they all must be UTF-8 and only one possible
# language each time. So we avoid the overhead of gettext.find() and
# work out the MO file manually.
# 'normalized' is the root name of the locale in POSIX format (which is
# the format used for the directories holding the MO files).
normalized = locale.locale_alias.get(to_locale(accept_lang, True))
if not normalized:
continue
# Remove the default encoding from locale_alias.
normalized = normalized.split('.')[0]
if normalized in _accepted:
# We've seen this locale before and have an MO file for it, so no
# need to check again.
return _accepted[normalized]
for lang, dirname in ((accept_lang, normalized),
(accept_lang.split('-')[0], normalized.split('_')[0])):
if lang.lower() not in supported:
continue
langfile = os.path.join(globalpath, dirname, 'LC_MESSAGES',
'django.mo')
if os.path.exists(langfile):
_accepted[normalized] = lang
return lang
return settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
dot_re = re.compile(r'\S')
def blankout(src, char):
"""
Changes every non-whitespace character to the given char.
Used in the templatize function.
"""
return dot_re.sub(char, src)
inline_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*trans\s+((?:".*?")|(?:'.*?'))\s*""")
block_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*blocktrans(?:\s+|$)""")
endblock_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*endblocktrans$""")
plural_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*plural$""")
constant_re = re.compile(r"""_\(((?:".*?")|(?:'.*?'))\)""")
def templatize(src):
"""
Turns a Django template into something that is understood by xgettext. It
does so by translating the Django translation tags into standard gettext
function invocations.
"""
from django.template import Lexer,TOKEN_TEXT,TOKEN_VAR,TOKEN_BLOCK
out = StringIO()
intrans = False
inplural = False
singular = []
plural = []
for t in Lexer(src, None).tokenize():
if intrans:
if t.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK:
endbmatch = endblock_re.match(t.contents)
pluralmatch = plural_re.match(t.contents)
if endbmatch:
if inplural:
out.write(' ngettext(%r,%r,count) ' % (''.join(singular), ''.join(plural)))
for part in singular:
out.write(blankout(part, 'S'))
for part in plural:
out.write(blankout(part, 'P'))
else:
out.write(' gettext(%r) ' % ''.join(singular))
for part in singular:
out.write(blankout(part, 'S'))
intrans = False
inplural = False
singular = []
plural = []
elif pluralmatch:
inplural = True
else:
raise SyntaxError("Translation blocks must not include other block tags: %s" % t.contents)
elif t.token_type == TOKEN_VAR:
if inplural:
plural.append('%%(%s)s' % t.contents)
else:
singular.append('%%(%s)s' % t.contents)
elif t.token_type == TOKEN_TEXT:
if inplural:
plural.append(t.contents)
else:
singular.append(t.contents)
else:
if t.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK:
imatch = inline_re.match(t.contents)
bmatch = block_re.match(t.contents)
cmatches = constant_re.findall(t.contents)
if imatch:
g = imatch.group(1)
if g[0] == '"': g = g.strip('"')
elif g[0] == "'": g = g.strip("'")
out.write(' gettext(%r) ' % g)
elif bmatch:
for fmatch in constant_re.findall(t.contents):
out.write(' _(%s) ' % fmatch)
intrans = True
inplural = False
singular = []
plural = []
elif cmatches:
for cmatch in cmatches:
out.write(' _(%s) ' % cmatch)
else:
out.write(blankout(t.contents, 'B'))
elif t.token_type == TOKEN_VAR:
parts = t.contents.split('|')
cmatch = constant_re.match(parts[0])
if cmatch:
out.write(' _(%s) ' % cmatch.group(1))
for p in parts[1:]:
if p.find(':_(') >= 0:
out.write(' %s ' % p.split(':',1)[1])
else:
out.write(blankout(p, 'F'))
else:
out.write(blankout(t.contents, 'X'))
return out.getvalue()
def parse_accept_lang_header(lang_string):
"""
Parses the lang_string, which is the body of an HTTP Accept-Language
header, and returns a list of (lang, q-value), ordered by 'q' values.
Any format errors in lang_string results in an empty list being returned.
"""
result = []
pieces = accept_language_re.split(lang_string)
if pieces[-1]:
return []
for i in range(0, len(pieces) - 1, 3):
first, lang, priority = pieces[i : i + 3]
if first:
return []
priority = priority and float(priority) or 1.0
result.append((lang, priority))
result.sort(lambda x, y: -cmp(x[1], y[1]))
return result
# get_date_formats and get_partial_date_formats aren't used anymore by Django
# and are kept for backward compatibility.
# Note, it's also important to keep format names marked for translation.
# For compatibility we still want to have formats on translation catalogs.
# That makes template code like {{ my_date|date:_('DATE_FORMAT') }} still work
def get_date_formats():
"""
Checks whether translation files provide a translation for some technical
message ID to store date and time formats. If it doesn't contain one, the
formats provided in the settings will be used.
"""
warnings.warn(
"'django.utils.translation.get_date_formats' is deprecated. "
"Please update your code to use the new i18n aware formatting.",
PendingDeprecationWarning
)
from django.conf import settings
date_format = ugettext('DATE_FORMAT')
datetime_format = ugettext('DATETIME_FORMAT')
time_format = ugettext('TIME_FORMAT')
if date_format == 'DATE_FORMAT':
date_format = settings.DATE_FORMAT
if datetime_format == 'DATETIME_FORMAT':
datetime_format = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT
if time_format == 'TIME_FORMAT':
time_format = settings.TIME_FORMAT
return date_format, datetime_format, time_format
def get_partial_date_formats():
"""
Checks whether translation files provide a translation for some technical
message ID to store partial date formats. If it doesn't contain one, the
formats provided in the settings will be used.
"""
warnings.warn(
"'django.utils.translation.get_partial_date_formats' is deprecated. "
"Please update your code to use the new i18n aware formatting.",
PendingDeprecationWarning
)
from django.conf import settings
year_month_format = ugettext('YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT')
month_day_format = ugettext('MONTH_DAY_FORMAT')
if year_month_format == 'YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT':
year_month_format = settings.YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT
if month_day_format == 'MONTH_DAY_FORMAT':
month_day_format = settings.MONTH_DAY_FORMAT
return year_month_format, month_day_format
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