START WITH : START WITH « Query Select « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial

Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial
1. Introduction
2. Query Select
3. Set
4. Insert Update Delete
5. Sequences
6. Table
7. Table Joins
8. View
9. Index
10. SQL Data Types
11. Character String Functions
12. Aggregate Functions
13. Date Timestamp Functions
14. Numerical Math Functions
15. Conversion Functions
16. Analytical Functions
17. Miscellaneous Functions
18. Regular Expressions Functions
19. Statistical Functions
20. Linear Regression Functions
21. PL SQL Data Types
22. PL SQL Statements
23. PL SQL Operators
24. PL SQL Programming
25. Cursor
26. Collections
27. Function Procedure Packages
28. Trigger
29. SQL PLUS Session Environment
30. System Tables Data Dictionary
31. System Packages
32. Object Oriented
33. XML
34. Large Objects
35. Transaction
36. User Privilege
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Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial » Query Select » START WITH 
2. 34. 1. START WITH
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    ENAME         VARCHAR2(15 BYTE),
  4    HIREDATE      DATE,
  5    ORIG_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  6    CURR_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  7    REGION        VARCHAR2(BYTE),
  8    MANAGER_ID    NUMBER(3)
  9  )
 10  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> create table job (
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    jobtitle      VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
  4  )
  5  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (1,'Tester');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (2,'Accountant');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (3,'Developer');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (4,'COder');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (5,'Director');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (6,'Mediator');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (7,'Proffessor');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (8,'Programmer');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (9,'Developer');

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (1,      'Jason', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234,              8767,         'E',    2)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (2,      'John',  to_date('19970715','YYYYMMDD'), 2341,              3456,         'W',    3)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (3,      'Joe',   to_date('19860125','YYYYMMDD'), 4321,              5654,         'E',    3)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (4,      'Tom',   to_date('20060913','YYYYMMDD'), 2413,              6787,         'W',    4)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (5,      'Jane',  to_date('20050417','YYYYMMDD'), 7654,              4345,         'E',    4)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (6,      'James', to_date('20040718','YYYYMMDD'), 5679,              6546,         'W',    5)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (7,      'Jodd',  to_date('20030720','YYYYMMDD'), 5438,              7658,         'E',    6)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (8,      'Joke',  to_date('20020101','YYYYMMDD'), 8765,              4543,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (9,      'Jack',  to_date('20010829','YYYYMMDD'), 7896,              1232,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select from Employee
  2  /

     EMPNO ENAME           HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R MANAGER_ID
---------- --------------- --------- ----------- ----------- - ----------
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E

rows selected.

SQL> select from job
  2  /

     EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- --------------------
         Tester
         Accountant
         Developer
         COder
         Director
         Mediator
         Proffessor
         Programmer
         Developer

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT LEVEL,
  2   LPAD(' '* LEVEL - 1|| ename
  3  FROM employee
  4  START WITH empno = 1
  5  CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = manager_id
  6  AND ename != 'James';

     LEVEL         LPAD('',2*LEVEL-1)||ENAME
         1         Jason


SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table job
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>
SQL>
2. 34. START WITH
2. 34. 1. START WITH
2. 34. 2. Using a Subquery in a START WITH Clause
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