Performing Cross Joins Using SQL/92 : Cross Join SQL 92 Syntax « Table Joins « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial

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Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial » Table Joins » Cross Join SQL 92 Syntax 
7. 12. 1. Performing Cross Joins Using SQL/92

Omitting a join condition between two tables leads to a Cartesian product.

By using the SQL/92 join syntax, you avoid inadvertently producing a Cartesian product because you must always provide an ON or USING clause to join the tables.

In the following example, a Cartesian product is generated using the CROSS JOIN keywords.

SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    ENAME         VARCHAR2(15 BYTE),
  4    HIREDATE      DATE,
  5    ORIG_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  6    CURR_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  7    REGION        VARCHAR2(BYTE),
  8    MANAGER_ID    NUMBER(3)
  9  )
 10  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> create table job (
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    jobtitle      VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
  4  )
  5  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (1,'Tester');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (2,'Accountant');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (3,'Developer');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (4,'COder');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (5,'Director');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (6,'Mediator');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (7,'Proffessor');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (8,'Programmer');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (9,'Developer');

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (1,      'Jason', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234,              8767,         'E',    2)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (2,      'John',  to_date('19970715','YYYYMMDD'), 2341,              3456,         'W',    3)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (3,      'Joe',   to_date('19860125','YYYYMMDD'), 4321,              5654,         'E',    3)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (4,      'Tom',   to_date('20060913','YYYYMMDD'), 2413,              6787,         'W',    4)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (5,      'Jane',  to_date('20050417','YYYYMMDD'), 7654,              4345,         'E',    4)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (6,      'James', to_date('20040718','YYYYMMDD'), 5679,              6546,         'W',    5)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION, MANAGER_ID)
  2               values (7,      'Jodd',  to_date('20030720','YYYYMMDD'), 5438,              7658,         'E',    6)
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (8,      'Joke',  to_date('20020101','YYYYMMDD'), 8765,              4543,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (9,      'Jack',  to_date('20010829','YYYYMMDD'), 7896,              1232,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select from Employee
  2  /

     EMPNO ENAME           HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R MANAGER_ID
---------- --------------- --------- ----------- ----------- - ----------
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E

rows selected.

SQL> select from job
  2  /

     EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- --------------------
         Tester
         Accountant
         Developer
         COder
         Director
         Mediator
         Proffessor
         Programmer
         Developer

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT FROM employee CROSS JOIN job;

     EMPNO ENAME           HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R MANAGER_ID      EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- --------------- --------- ----------- ----------- - ---------- ---------- --------------------
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          1 Tester
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          2 Accountant
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          3 Developer
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          4 COder
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          5 Director
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          6 Mediator
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          7 Proffessor
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          8 Programmer
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E          2          9 Developer
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          1 Tester
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          2 Accountant
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          3 Developer
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          4 COder
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          5 Director
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          6 Mediator
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          7 Proffessor
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          8 Programmer
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W          3          9 Developer
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          1 Tester
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          2 Accountant
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          3 Developer
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          4 COder
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          5 Director
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          6 Mediator
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          7 Proffessor
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          8 Programmer
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E          3          9 Developer
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          1 Tester
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          2 Accountant
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          3 Developer
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          4 COder
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          5 Director
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          6 Mediator
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          7 Proffessor
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          8 Programmer
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W          4          9 Developer
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          1 Tester
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          2 Accountant
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          3 Developer
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          4 COder
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          5 Director
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          6 Mediator
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          7 Proffessor
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          8 Programmer
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E          4          9 Developer
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          1 Tester
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          2 Accountant
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          3 Developer
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          4 COder
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          5 Director
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          6 Mediator
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          7 Proffessor
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          8 Programmer
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W          5          9 Developer
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          1 Tester
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          2 Accountant
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          3 Developer
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          4 COder
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          5 Director
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          6 Mediator
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          7 Proffessor
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          8 Programmer
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E          6          9 Developer
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Tester
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Accountant
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Developer
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     COder
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Director
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Mediator
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Proffessor
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Programmer
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W                     Developer
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Tester
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Accountant
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Developer
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     COder
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Director
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Mediator
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Proffessor
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Programmer
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E                     Developer

81 rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table job
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>
7. 12. Cross Join SQL 92 Syntax
7. 12. 1. Performing Cross Joins Using SQL/92
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