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Create the <complexType> definition without any <element> or content model declarations.
<element name="knows">
<complexType>
</complexType>
</element>
<element name="knows">
<complexType/>
</element>
In both cases, the <complexType> definition is empty, indicating that knows will not contain text or element children.
When used in our instance document, <knows> must be empty.
Even when you are declaring an empty element, attribute declarations may still appear within the <complexType>.
For example, the following elements would be valid:
<knows/>
<knows></knows>
<element name="knows">
<complexType>
<attribute name="contacts" type="IDREFS"/>
</complexType>
</element>
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