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Format character Data type
a NUL-padded string
A Space-padded string
h Hex string, low nibble first
H Hex string, high nibble first
c signed char
C unsigned char
s signed short
S unsigned short
n unsigned short
v unsigned short
i signed int (machine-dependent size and byte order)
I unsigned int (machine-dependent size and byte order)
l signed long (32 bit, machine byte order)
L unsigned long (32 bit, machine byte order)
N unsigned long (32 bit, big endian byte order)
V unsigned long (32 bit, little endian byte order)
f float (machine-dependent size and representation)
d double (machine-dependent size and representation)
x NUL byte
X Back up one byte
@ NUL-fill to absolute position
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