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Python Open Source » Database » Python Remote Objects 
Python Remote Objects » Pyro 3.10 » Pyro » core.py
#############################################################################
#  
#  $Id: core.py,v 2.104.2.30 2009/12/06 23:55:26 irmen Exp $
#  Pyro Core Library
#
#  This is part of "Pyro" - Python Remote Objects
#  which is (c) Irmen de Jong - irmen@users.sourceforge.net
#
#############################################################################

import sys, time, re, os, weakref
import imp, marshal, new, socket
from pickle import PicklingError
import Pyro.constants, Pyro.util, Pyro.protocol, Pyro.errors
from Pyro.errors import *
from types import UnboundMethodType,MethodType,BuiltinMethodType,TupleType,StringType,UnicodeType
if Pyro.util.supports_multithreading():
  import threading

Log=Pyro.util.Log


def _checkInit(pyrotype="client"):
  if not getattr(Pyro.config, Pyro.constants.CFGITEM_PYRO_INITIALIZED):
    # If Pyro has not been initialized explicitly, do it automatically.
    if pyrotype=="server":
      initServer()
    else:
      initClient()


#############################################################################
#
#  ObjBase    - Server-side object implementation base class
#                or master class with the actual object as delegate
#
#  SynchronizedObjBase - Just the same, but with synchronized method
#                         calls (thread-safe).
#
#############################################################################

class ObjBase(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.objectGUID=Pyro.util.getGUID()
    self.delegate=None
    self.lastUsed=time.time()    # for later reaping unused objects
    if Pyro.config.PYRO_MOBILE_CODE:
      self.codeValidator=lambda n,m,a: 1  # always accept
  def GUID(self):
    return self.objectGUID
  def setGUID(self, guid):      # used with persistent name server
    self.objectGUID = guid
  def delegateTo(self,delegate):
    self.delegate=delegate
  def setPyroDaemon(self, daemon):
    # This will usually introduce a cyclic reference between the
    # object and the daemon. Use a weak ref if available.
    # NOTE: if you correctly clean up the object (that is, disconnect it from the daemon)
    # the cyclic reference is cleared correctly, and no problem occurs.
    # NOTE: you have to make sure your original daemon object doesn't get garbage collected
    # if you still want to use the objects! You have to keep a ref. to the daemon somewhere.
    if daemon:
      self.daemon=weakref.proxy(daemon)
    else:
      self.daemon=None
  def setCodeValidator(self, v):
    if not callable(v):
      raise TypeError("codevalidator must be a callable object")
    self.codeValidator=v
  def getDaemon(self):
    return self.daemon
  def getLocalStorage(self):
    return self.daemon.getLocalStorage()
  def _gotReaped(self):
    # Called when daemon reaps this object due to unaccessed time
    # Override this method if needed; to act on this event
    pass
  def getProxy(self):
    return self.daemon.getProxyForObj(self)
  def getAttrProxy(self):
    return self.daemon.getAttrProxyForObj(self)
  def Pyro_dyncall(self, method, flags, args):
    # update the timestamp
    self.lastUsed=time.time()
    # find the method in this object, and call it with the supplied args.
    keywords={}
    if flags & Pyro.constants.RIF_Keywords:
      # reconstruct the varargs from a tuple like
      #  (a,b,(va1,va2,va3...),{kw1:?,...})
      keywords=args[-1]
      args=args[:-1]
    if flags & Pyro.constants.RIF_Varargs:
      # reconstruct the varargs from a tuple like (a,b,(va1,va2,va3...))
      args=args[:-1]+args[-1]
    if keywords and type(keywords.iterkeys().next()) is unicode and sys.platform!="cli":
      # IronPython sends all strings as unicode, but apply() doesn't grok unicode keywords.
      # So we need to rebuild the keywords dict with str keys... 
      keywords = dict([(str(k),v) for k,v in keywords.iteritems()])
    # If the method is part of ObjBase, never call the delegate object because
    # that object doesn't implement that method. If you don't check this,
    # remote attributes won't work with delegates for instance, because the
    # delegate object doesn't implement _r_xa. (remote_xxxattr)
    if method in dir(ObjBase):
      return getattr(self,method) (*args,**keywords)
    else:
      # try..except to deal with obsoleted string exceptions (raise "blahblah")
      try :
        return getattr(self.delegate or self,method) (*args,**keywords)
      except :
        exc_info = sys.exc_info()
        try:
          if type(exc_info[0]) == StringType :
            if exc_info[1] == None :
              raise Exception, exc_info[0], exc_info[2]
            else :
              raise Exception, "%s: %s" % (exc_info[0], exc_info[1]), exc_info[2]
          else :
            raise
        finally:
          del exc_info   # delete frame to allow proper GC

  # remote getattr/setattr support:
  def _r_ha(self, attr):
    try:
      attr = getattr(self.delegate or self,attr)
      if type(attr) in (UnboundMethodType, MethodType, BuiltinMethodType):
        return 1 # method
    except:
      pass
    return 2 # attribute
  def _r_ga(self, attr):
    return getattr(self.delegate or self, attr)
  def _r_sa(self, attr, value):
    setattr(self.delegate or self, attr, value)
  # remote code downloading support (server downloads from client):
  def remote_supply_code(self, name, module, sourceaddr):
    # XXX this is nasty code, and also duplicated in protocol.py _retrieveCode()
    if Pyro.config.PYRO_MOBILE_CODE and self.codeValidator(name,module,sourceaddr):
      try:
        imp.acquire_lock()   # threadsafe imports
        if name in sys.modules and getattr(sys.modules[name],'_PYRO_bytecode',None):
          # already have this module, don't import again
          # we checked for the _PYRO_bytecode attribute because that is only
          # present when all loading code below completed successfully
          return
        Log.msg('ObjBase','loading supplied code: ',name,'from',str(sourceaddr))
        if module[0:4]!=imp.get_magic():
          # compile source code
          code=compile(module,'<downloaded>','exec')
        else:
          # read bytecode from the client
          code=marshal.loads(module[8:])

        # make the module hierarchy and add all names to sys.modules
        name=name.split('.')
        path=''
        mod=new.module("pyro-agent-context")
        for m in name:
          path+='.'+m
          # use already loaded modules instead of overwriting them
          real_path = path[1:]
          if sys.modules.has_key(real_path):
            mod = sys.modules[real_path]
          else:
            setattr(mod,m,new.module(path[1:]))
            mod=getattr(mod,m)
            sys.modules[path[1:]]=mod
        # execute the module code in the right module.
        exec code in mod.__dict__
        # store the bytecode for possible later reference if we need to pass it on
        mod.__dict__['_PYRO_bytecode'] = module
      finally:
        imp.release_lock()
    else:
      Log.warn('ObjBase','attempt to supply code denied: ',name,'from',str(sourceaddr))
      raise PyroError('attempt to supply code denied')

  # remote code retrieve support (client retrieves from server):
  def remote_retrieve_code(self, name):
    # XXX codeValidator: can we somehow get the client's address it is sent to?
    # XXX this code is ugly. And duplicated in protocol.py remoteInvocation.
    if Pyro.config.PYRO_MOBILE_CODE and self.codeValidator(name,None,None):
      Log.msg("ObjBase","supplying code: ",name)
      try:
        importmodule=new.module("pyro-server-import")
        try:
          exec "import " + name in importmodule.__dict__
        except ImportError:
          Log.error("ObjBase","Client wanted a non-existing module:", name)
          raise PyroError("Client wanted a non-existing module", name)
        m=eval("importmodule."+name)
        # try to load the module's compiled source, or the real .py source if that fails.
        # note that the source code (.py) is opened with universal newline mode
        (filebase,ext)=os.path.splitext(m.__file__)
        if ext.startswith(".PY"):
          exts = ( (".PYO","rb"), (".PYC","rb"), (".PY","rU") )  # uppercase
        else:
          exts = ( (".pyo","rb"), (".pyc","rb"), (".py","rU") )  # lowercase
        for ext,mode in exts:
          try:
            m=open(filebase+ext, mode).read()
            return m  # supply the module to the client!
          except:
            pass
        Log.error("ObjBase","cannot read module source code for module:", name)
        raise PyroError("cannot read module source code")
      finally:
        del importmodule
    else:
      Log.error("ObjBase","attempt to retrieve code denied:", name)
      raise PyroError("attempt to retrieve code denied")


class SynchronizedObjBase(ObjBase):
    def __init__(self):
        ObjBase.__init__(self)
        self.synlock=Pyro.util.getLockObject()
    def Pyro_dyncall(self, method, flags, args):
        self.synlock.acquire()  # synchronize method invocation
        try:
            return ObjBase.Pyro_dyncall(self, method,flags,args)
        finally:
            self.synlock.release()


# Use this class instead if you're using callback objects and you
# want to see local exceptions. (otherwise they go back to the calling server...)
class CallbackObjBase(ObjBase):
  def __init__(self):
    ObjBase.__init__(self)
  def Pyro_dyncall(self, method, flags, args):
    try:
      return ObjBase.Pyro_dyncall(self,method,flags,args)
    except Exception,x:
      # catch all errors
      Log.warn('CallbackObjBase','Exception in callback object: ',x)
      raise PyroExceptionCapsule(x,str(x))


#############################################################################
#
#  PyroURI    - Pyro Universal Resource Identifier
#
#  This class represents a Pyro URI (which consists of four parts,
#  a protocol identifier, an IP address, a portnumber, and an object ID.
#  
#  The URI can be converted to a string representation (str converter).
#  The URI can also be read back from such a string (reinitFromString).
#  The URI can be initialised from its parts (init).
#  The URI can be initialised from a string directly, if the init
#   code detects a ':' and '/' in the host argument (which is then
#        assumed to be a string URI, not a host name/ IP address).
#
#############################################################################

class PyroURI(object):
  def __init__(self,host,objectID=0,port=0,prtcol='PYRO'):
    # if the 'host' arg is a PyroURI, copy contents
    if isinstance(host, PyroURI):
      self.init(host.address, host.objectID, host.port, host.protocol)
    else:
      # If the 'host' arg contains '://', assume it's an URI string.
      if host.find('://')>0:
        self.reinitFromString(host)
      else:
        if not objectID:
          raise URIError('invalid URI format')
        self.init(host, objectID, port, prtcol)
  def __str__(self):
    return self.protocol+'://'+self.address+':'+str(self.port)+'/'+self.objectID
  def __repr__(self):
    return '<PyroURI \''+str(self)+'\'>'
  def __hash__(self):
    # XXX this is handy but not safe. If the URI changes, the object will be in the wrong hash bucket.
    return hash(str(self))
  def __cmp__(self, o):
    return cmp(str(self), str(o))
  def clone(self):
    return PyroURI(self)
  def init(self,host,objectID,port=0,prtcol='PYRO'):
    if '/' in host:
      raise URIError('malformed hostname')
    if Pyro.config.PYRO_DNS_URI:
      self.address = host
    else:
      self.address=Pyro.protocol.getIPAddress(host)
      if not self.address:
        raise URIError('unknown host')
    if port:
      if type(port)==type(1):
        self.port=port
      else:
        raise TypeError("port must be integer")
    else:
      self.port=Pyro.config.PYRO_PORT
    self.protocol=prtcol
    self.objectID=objectID
  def reinitFromString(self,arg):
    if arg.startswith('PYROLOC') or arg.startswith('PYRONAME'):
      uri=processStringURI(arg)
      self.init(uri.address,uri.objectID,uri.port,uri.protocol)
      return
    x=re.match(r'(?P<protocol>[^\s:/]+)://(?P<hostname>[^\s:]+):?(?P<port>\d+)?/(?P<id>\S*)',arg)
    if x:
      port=None
      if x.group('port'):
        port=int(x.group('port'))
      self.init(x.group('hostname'), x.group('id'), port, x.group('protocol'))
      return
    Log.error('PyroURI','invalid URI format passed: '+arg)
    raise URIError('invalid URI format')
  def getProxy(self):
    return DynamicProxy(self)
  def getAttrProxy(self):
    return DynamicProxyWithAttrs(self)


#
#  This method takes a string representation of a Pyro URI
#  and parses it. If it's a meta-protocol URI such as
#  PYRONAME://.... it will do what is needed to make
#  a regular PYRO:// URI out of it (resolve names etc).
#
def processStringURI(URI):
  # PYRONAME(SSL)://[hostname[:port]/]objectname
  x=re.match(r'(?P<protocol>PYRONAME|PYRONAMESSL)://(((?P<hostname>[^\s:]+):(?P<port>\d+)/)|((?P<onlyhostname>[^\s:]+)/))?(?P<name>\S*)',URI)
  if x:
    protocol=x.group('protocol')
    if protocol=="PYRONAMESSL":
      raise ProtocolError("NOT SUPPORTED YET: "+protocol) # XXX obviously, this should be implemented
    hostname=x.group('hostname') or x.group('onlyhostname')
    port=x.group('port')
    name=x.group('name')
    import Pyro.naming
    loc=Pyro.naming.NameServerLocator()
    if port:
      port=int(port)
    NS=loc.getNS(host=hostname,port=port)
    return NS.resolve(name)
  # PYROLOC(SSL)://hostname[:port]/objectname
  x=re.match(r'(?P<protocol>PYROLOC|PYROLOCSSL)://(?P<hostname>[^\s:]+):?(?P<port>\d+)?/(?P<name>\S*)',URI)
  if x:
    protocol=x.group('protocol')
    hostname=x.group('hostname')
    port=x.group('port')
    if port:
      port=int(port)
    else:
      port=0
    name=x.group('name')
    return PyroURI(hostname,name,port,protocol)
  if URI.startswith('PYROLOC') or URI.startswith('PYRONAME'):
    # hmm should have matched above. Likely invalid.
    raise URIError('invalid URI format')
  # It's not a meta-protocol such as PYROLOC or PYRONAME,
  # let the normal Pyro URI deal with it.
  # (it can deal with regular PYRO: and PYROSSL: protocols)
  return PyroURI(URI)


#############################################################################
#
#  DynamicProxy  - dynamic Pyro proxy
#
#  Can be used by clients to invoke objects for which they have no
#  precompiled proxy.
#
#############################################################################

def getProxyForURI(URI):
  return DynamicProxy(URI)
def getAttrProxyForURI(URI):
  return DynamicProxyWithAttrs(URI)

class _RemoteMethod(object):
  # method call abstraction, adapted from Python's xmlrpclib
  # it would be rather easy to add nested method calls, but
  # that is not compatible with the way that Pyro's method
  # calls are defined to work ( no nested calls ) 
  def __init__(self, send, name):
    self.__send = send
    self.__name = name
  def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    return self.__send(self.__name, args, kwargs)

class DynamicProxy(object):
  def __init__(self, URI):
    _checkInit() # init required
    if type(URI) in (StringType,UnicodeType):
      URI=processStringURI(URI)
    self.URI = URI
    self.objectID = URI.objectID
    # Delay adapter binding to enable transporting of proxies.
    # We just create an adapter, and don't connect it...
    self.adapter = Pyro.protocol.getProtocolAdapter(self.URI.protocol)
    # ---- don't forget to register local vars with DynamicProxyWithAttrs, see below
  def __del__(self):
    try:
      self.adapter.release(nolog=1)
    except (AttributeError, RuntimeError):
      pass
  def _setIdentification(self, ident):
    self.adapter.setIdentification(ident)
  def _setNewConnectionValidator(self, validator):
    self.adapter.setNewConnectionValidator(validator)
  def _setOneway(self, methods):
    if type(methods) not in (type([]), type((0,))):
      methods=(methods,)
    self.adapter.setOneway(methods)
  def _setTimeout(self,timeout):
    self.adapter.setTimeout(timeout)
  def _transferThread(self, newOwnerThread=None):
    pass # dummy function to retain API compatibility with Pyro 3.7
  def _release(self):
    if self.adapter:
      self.adapter.release()
  def _local(self):
    return self.URI._local()
  def _islocal(self):
    return self.URI._islocal()
  def __copy__(self):      # create copy of current proxy object
    proxyCopy = DynamicProxy(self.URI)
    proxyCopy.adapter.setIdentification(self.adapter.getIdentification(), munge=False)   # copy identification info
    proxyCopy._setTimeout(self.adapter.timeout)
    proxyCopy._setOneway(self.adapter.onewayMethods)
    proxyCopy._setNewConnectionValidator(self.adapter.getNewConnectionValidator())
    return proxyCopy
  def __deepcopy__(self, arg):
    raise PyroError("cannot deepcopy a proxy")
  def __getattr__(self, name):
    if name in ("__getnewargs__","__getinitargs__"):    # allows it to be safely pickled
      raise AttributeError()
    return _RemoteMethod(self._invokePYRO, name)
  def __repr__(self):
    return "<"+self.__class__.__name__+" for "+str(self.URI)+">"
  def __str__(self):
    return repr(self)
  def __hash__(self):
    # makes it possible to use this class as a key in a dict
    return hash(self.objectID)
  def __eq__(self,other):
    # makes it possible to compare two proxies using objectID
    return hasattr(other,"objectID") and self.objectID==other.objectID
  def __ne__(self,other):
    # makes it possible to compare two proxies using objectID
    return not hasattr(other,"objectID") or self.objectID!=other.objectID
  def __nonzero__(self):
    return 1
  def __coerce__(self,other):
    # makes it possible to compare two proxies using objectID (cmp)
    if hasattr(other,"objectID"):
      return (self.objectID, other.objectID)
    return None

  def _invokePYRO(self, name, vargs, kargs):
    if not self.adapter.connected():
      # rebind here, don't do it from inside the remoteInvocation because deadlock will occur
      self.adapter.bindToURI(self.URI)
    return self.adapter.remoteInvocation(name, Pyro.constants.RIF_VarargsAndKeywords, vargs, kargs)

  # Pickling support, otherwise pickle uses __getattr__:
  def __getstate__(self):
    # for pickling, return a non-connected copy of ourselves:
    cpy = self.__copy__()
    cpy._release()
    return cpy.__dict__
  def __setstate__(self, args):
    # for pickling, to restore the pickled state
    self.__dict__.update(args)

  
class DynamicProxyWithAttrs(DynamicProxy):
  _local_attrs = ("_local_attrs","URI", "objectID", "adapter", "_attr_cache")
  def __init__(self, URI):
    self._attr_cache = {}
    DynamicProxy.__init__(self, URI)
  def _r_ga(self, attr, value=0):
    if value:
      return _RemoteMethod(self._invokePYRO, "_r_ga") (attr)  # getattr
    else:
      return _RemoteMethod(self._invokePYRO, "_r_ha") (attr)  # hasattr
  def findattr(self, attr):
    if attr in self._attr_cache.keys():
      return self._attr_cache[attr]
    # look it up and cache the value
    self._attr_cache[attr] = self._r_ga(attr)
    return self._attr_cache[attr]
  def __copy__(self):    # create copy of current proxy object
    return DynamicProxyWithAttrs(self.URI)
  def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
    if attr in self._local_attrs:
      self.__dict__[attr]=value
    else:
      result = self.findattr(attr)
      if result==2: # attribute
        return _RemoteMethod(self._invokePYRO, "_r_sa") (attr,value)
      else:
        raise AttributeError('not an attribute')
  def __getattr__(self, attr):
    # allows it to be safely pickled
    if attr not in ("__getnewargs__","__getinitargs__", "__hash__","__eq__","__ne__") and attr not in self._local_attrs:
      result=self.findattr(attr)
      if result==1: # method
        return _RemoteMethod(self._invokePYRO, attr)
      elif result:
        return self._r_ga(attr, 1)
    raise AttributeError
    

#############################################################################
#
#  Daemon    - server-side Pyro daemon
#
#  Accepts and dispatches incoming Pyro method calls.
#
#############################################################################

# The pyro object that represents the daemon.
# The daemon is not directly remotely accessible, for security reasons.
class DaemonServant(ObjBase):
  def __init__(self, daemon):
    ObjBase.__init__(self)
    self.daemon=weakref.proxy(daemon)
  def getRegistered(self):
    return self.daemon.getRegistered()
  def ResolvePYROLOC(self, name):
    return self.daemon.ResolvePYROLOC(name)
    
# The daemon itself:
class Daemon(Pyro.protocol.TCPServer, ObjBase):
  def __init__(self,prtcol='PYRO',host=None,port=0,norange=0,publishhost=None):
    ObjBase.__init__(self)
    self.NameServer = None
    self.connections=[]
    _checkInit("server") # init required
    self.setGUID(Pyro.constants.INTERNAL_DAEMON_GUID)
    self.implementations={Pyro.constants.INTERNAL_DAEMON_GUID:(DaemonServant(self),'__PYRO_Internal_Daemon')}
    self.persistentConnectedObjs=[] # guids
    self.transientsCleanupAge=0
    self.transientsMutex=Pyro.util.getLockObject()
    self.nscallMutex=Pyro.util.getLockObject()
    if host is None:
      host=Pyro.config.PYRO_HOST
    if publishhost is None:
      publishhost=Pyro.config.PYRO_PUBLISHHOST

    # Determine range scanning or random port allocation
    if norange:
      # Fixed or random port allocation
      # If port is zero, OS will randomly assign, otherwise,
      # attempt to use the provided port value
      self.port = port
      portrange = 1
    else:
      # Scanning port allocation
      if port:
        self.port = port
      else:
        self.port = Pyro.config.PYRO_PORT
      portrange=Pyro.config.PYRO_PORT_RANGE

    if not publishhost:
      publishhost=host
    errormsg=''
    for i in range(portrange):
      try:
        Pyro.protocol.TCPServer.__init__(self, self.port, host, Pyro.config.PYRO_MULTITHREADED,prtcol)
        if not self.port:
          # If we bound to an OS provided port, report it
          self.port = self.sock.getsockname()[1]
        self.hostname = publishhost or Pyro.protocol.getHostname()
        self.protocol = prtcol
        self.adapter = Pyro.protocol.getProtocolAdapter(prtcol)
        self.validateHostnameAndIP()  # ignore any result message... it's in the log already.
        return
      except ProtocolError,msg:
        errormsg=msg
        self.port+=1
    Log.error('Daemon','Couldn\'t start Pyro daemon: ' +str(errormsg))
    raise DaemonError('Couldn\'t start Pyro daemon: ' +str(errormsg))
  
  # to be called to stop all connections and shut down.
  def shutdown(self, disconnect=False):
    Pyro.protocol.TCPServer.shutdown(self)
    if disconnect:
      self.__disconnectObjects()
  def __disconnectObjects(self):
    # server shutting down, unregister all known objects in the NS
    if self.NameServer and Pyro and Pyro.constants:
      self.nscallMutex.acquire()
      try:
        if Pyro.constants.INTERNAL_DAEMON_GUID in self.implementations:
          del self.implementations[Pyro.constants.INTERNAL_DAEMON_GUID]
        if self.implementations:
          Log.warn('Daemon','Shutting down but there are still',len(self.implementations),'objects connected - disconnecting them')
        for guid in self.implementations.keys():
          if guid not in self.persistentConnectedObjs:
            (obj,name)=self.implementations[guid]
            if name:
              try:
                self.NameServer.unregister(name)
              except Exception,x:
                Log.warn('Daemon','Error while unregistering object during shutdown:',x)
        self.implementations={}
      finally:
        self.nscallMutex.release()

  def __del__(self):
    self.__disconnectObjects() # unregister objects
    try:
      del self.adapter
      Pyro.protocol.TCPServer.__del__(self)
    except (AttributeError, RuntimeError):
      pass

  def __str__(self):
    return '<Pyro Daemon on '+self.hostname+':'+str(self.port)+'>'
  def __getstate__(self):
    raise PicklingError('no access to the daemon')

  def validateHostnameAndIP(self):
    # Checks if hostname is sensible. Returns None if it is, otherwise a message
    # telling what's wrong if it isn't too serious. If things are really bad,
    # expect an exception to be raised. Things are logged too.
    if not self.hostname:
      Log.error("Daemon","no hostname known")
      raise socket.error("no hostname known for daemon")
    if self.hostname!="localhost":
      ip = Pyro.protocol.getIPAddress(self.hostname)
      if ip is None:
        Log.error("Daemon","no IP address known")
        raise socket.error("no IP address known for daemon")
      if not ip.startswith("127.0."):
        return None  # this is good!
    # 127.0.x.x or 'localhost' is a warning situation!
    msg="daemon bound on hostname that resolves to loopback address 127.0.x.x"
    Log.warn("Daemon",msg)
    Log.warn("Daemon","hostname="+self.hostname)
    return msg
  
  def useNameServer(self,NS):
    self.NameServer=NS
  def getNameServer(self):
    return self.NameServer
  def setTimeout(self, timeout):
    self.adapter.setTimeout(timeout)
  def setAllowedIdentifications(self, ids):
    self.getNewConnectionValidator().setAllowedIdentifications(ids)
  def setTransientsCleanupAge(self, secs):
    self.transientsCleanupAge=secs
    if self.threaded:
      Log.msg('Daemon','creating Grim Reaper thread for transients, timeout=',secs)
      reaper=threading.Thread(target=self._grimReaper)
      reaper.setDaemon(1)   # thread must exit at program termination.
      reaper.start()
  def _grimReaper(self):
    # this runs in a thread.
    while self.transientsCleanupAge>0:
      time.sleep(self.transientsCleanupAge/5)
      self.reapUnusedTransients()

  def getProxyForObj(self, obj):
    return DynamicProxy( PyroURI(self.hostname,
        obj.GUID(), prtcol=self.protocol, port=self.port) )
  def getAttrProxyForObj(self, obj):
    return DynamicProxyWithAttrs( PyroURI(self.hostname,
        obj.GUID(), prtcol=self.protocol, port=self.port) )

  def connectPersistent(self, obj, name=None):
    # when a persistent entry is found in the NS, that URI is
    # used instead of the supplied one, if the address matches.
    if name and self.NameServer:
      self.nscallMutex.acquire()
      try:
        try:
          newURI = PyroURI(self.hostname, obj.GUID(), prtcol=self.protocol, port=self.port)
          URI=self.NameServer.resolve(name)
          if (URI.protocol,URI.address,URI.port)==(newURI.protocol,newURI.address,newURI.port):
            # reuse the previous object ID
            obj.setGUID(URI.objectID)
            # enter the (object,name) in the known impl. dictionary
            self.implementations[obj.GUID()]=(obj,name)
            self.persistentConnectedObjs.append(obj.GUID())
            obj.setPyroDaemon(self)
            return URI
          else:
            # name exists, but address etc. is wrong. Remove it.
            # then continue so it wil be re-registered.
            try: self.NameServer.unregister(name)
            except NamingError: pass
        except NamingError:
          pass
      finally:
        self.nscallMutex.release()
    # Register normally.    
    self.persistentConnectedObjs.append(obj.GUID())
    return self.connect(obj, name)

  def connect(self, obj, name=None):
    URI = PyroURI(self.hostname, obj.GUID(), prtcol=self.protocol, port=self.port)
    # if not transient, register the object with the NS
    if name:
      self.nscallMutex.acquire()
      try:
        if self.NameServer:
          self.NameServer.register(name, URI)
        else:
          Log.warn('Daemon','connecting object without name server specified:',name)
      finally:
        self.nscallMutex.release()
    # enter the (object,name) in the known implementations dictionary
    self.implementations[obj.GUID()]=(obj,name)
    obj.setPyroDaemon(self)
    return URI

  def disconnect(self,obj):    # obj can be either the object that was registered, or its uid
    try:
      if isinstance(obj,Pyro.core.ObjBase):
        obj_uid=obj.GUID()
      else:
        obj_uid=str(obj)
      if obj_uid==Pyro.constants.INTERNAL_DAEMON_GUID:
        return   # never allow to remove ourselves from the registry
      if self.NameServer and self.implementations[obj_uid][1]:
        self.nscallMutex.acquire()
        try:
          # only unregister with NS if it had a name (was not transient)
          self.NameServer.unregister(self.implementations[obj_uid][1])
        finally:
          self.nscallMutex.release()
      del self.implementations[obj_uid]
      if obj_uid in self.persistentConnectedObjs:
        self.persistentConnectedObjs.remove(obj_uid)
      # XXX Clean up connections/threads to this object?
      #     Can't be done because thread/socket is not associated with single object 
    finally:
      if isinstance(obj,Pyro.core.ObjBase):
        obj.setPyroDaemon(None)

  def getRegistered(self):
    r={}
    for guid in self.implementations.keys():
      r[guid]=self.implementations[guid][1]  # keep only the names
    return r

  def handleInvocation(self, conn):  # overridden from TCPServer
    # called in both single- and multithreaded mode
    self.getLocalStorage().caller=conn
    self.getAdapter().handleInvocation(self, conn)
    self.reapUnusedTransients()

  def reapUnusedTransients(self):
    if not self.transientsCleanupAge: return
    now=time.time()
    self.transientsMutex.acquire()
    try:
      for (obj,name) in self.implementations.values()[:]:   # use copy of list
        if not name:
          # object is transient, reap it if timeout requires so.
          if (now-obj.lastUsed)>self.transientsCleanupAge:
            self.disconnect(obj)
            obj._gotReaped()
    finally:
      self.transientsMutex.release()

  def handleError(self,conn,onewaycall=False):      # overridden from TCPServer
    try:
      (exc_type, exc_value, exc_trb) = sys.exc_info()
      if exc_type==ProtocolError:
        # Problem with the communication protocol, shut down the connection
        # XXX is shutting down what we want???
        Log.error('Daemon','protocol error occured:',exc_value)
        Log.error('Daemon','Due to network error: shutting down connection with',conn)
        self.removeConnection(conn)
      else:
        exclist = Pyro.util.formatTraceback(exc_type, exc_value, exc_trb)
        out =''.join(exclist)
        Log.warn('Daemon', 'Exception during processing of request from',
          conn,' type',exc_type,
          '\n--- traceback of this exception follows:\n',
          out,'\n--- end of traceback')
        if exc_type==PyroExceptionCapsule:
          sys.stdout.flush()
          # This is a capsuled exception, used with callback objects.
          # That means we are actually the daemon on the client.
          # Return the error to the other side and raise exception locally once more.
          # (with a normal exception, it is not raised locally again!)
          # only send the exception object if it's not a oneway call.
          if not onewaycall:
            self.adapter.returnException(conn,exc_value.excObj,0,exclist) # don't shutdown
          exc_value.raiseEx()
        else:
          # normal exception, only return exception object if it's not a oneway call
          if not onewaycall:
            self.adapter.returnException(conn,exc_value,0,exclist) # don't shutdown connection

    finally:
      # clean up circular references to traceback info to allow proper GC
      del exc_type, exc_value, exc_trb

  def getAdapter(self):
    # overridden from TCPServer
    return self.adapter

  def getLocalObject(self, guid):
    # return a local object registered with the given guid
    return self.implementations[guid][0]
  def getLocalObjectForProxy(self, proxy):
    # return a local object registered with the guid to which the given proxy points
    return self.implementations[proxy.objectID][0]

  def ResolvePYROLOC(self, name):
    # this gets called from the protocol adapter when
    # it wants the daemon to resolve a local object name (PYROLOC: protocol)
    Log.msg('Daemon','resolving PYROLOC name: ',name)
    for o in self.implementations.keys():
      if self.implementations[o][1]==name:
        return o
    raise NamingError('no object found by this name',name)


#############################################################################
#
#  Client/Server Init code
#
#############################################################################

# Has init been performed already?
_init_server_done=0
_init_client_done=0
_init_generic_done=0

def _initGeneric_pre():
  global _init_generic_done
  if _init_generic_done:
    return
  if Pyro.config.PYRO_TRACELEVEL == 0: return
  try:
    out='\n'+'-'*60+' NEW SESSION\n'+time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))+ \
      '   Pyro Initializing, version '+Pyro.constants.VERSION+'\n'
    Log.raw(out)
  except IOError,e:
    sys.stderr.write('PYRO: Can\'t write the tracefile '+Pyro.config.PYRO_LOGFILE+'\n'+str(e))

def _initGeneric_post():
  global _init_generic_done
  setattr(Pyro.config, Pyro.constants.CFGITEM_PYRO_INITIALIZED,1)
  if Pyro.config.PYRO_TRACELEVEL == 0: return
  try:
    if not _init_generic_done:
      out='Configuration settings are as follows:\n'
      for item in dir(Pyro.config):
        if item[0:4] =='PYRO':
          out+=item+' = '+str(Pyro.config.__dict__[item])+'\n'
      Log.raw(out)
    Log.raw('Init done.\n'+'-'*70+'\n')
  except IOError:
    pass
  _init_generic_done=1  


def initClient(banner=0):
  global _init_client_done
  if _init_client_done: return
  _initGeneric_pre()
  if Pyro.config.PYRO_TRACELEVEL >0: Log.raw('This is initClient.\n')
  Pyro.config.finalizeConfig_Client()
  _initGeneric_post()
  if banner:
    print 'Pyro Client Initialized. Using Pyro V'+Pyro.constants.VERSION
  _init_client_done=1
  
def initServer(banner=0, storageCheck=1):
  global _init_server_done
  if _init_server_done: return
  _initGeneric_pre()
  if Pyro.config.PYRO_TRACELEVEL >0: Log.raw('This is initServer.\n')
  Pyro.config.finalizeConfig_Server(storageCheck=storageCheck)
  _initGeneric_post()
  if banner:
    print 'Pyro Server Initialized. Using Pyro V'+Pyro.constants.VERSION
  _init_server_done=1


if __name__=="__main__":
  print "Pyro version:",Pyro.constants.VERSION
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