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C++ Tutorial » Language Basics » namespace 
1.9.12.Using unnamed namespaces.
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>

namespace {
  int i = 10;
}

namespace {
  int j;          // same unnamed namespace
  namespace X {
    int i = 20;
  }
  namespace Y = X;
  int f() { return i; }
}


int main()
{
  std::cout << ::f() << '\n';
  std::cout << Y::i << '\n';
  std::cout << f() << '\n';
}
 
10
20
10
1.9.namespace
1.9.1.A namespace
1.9.2.Use a namespace
1.9.3.A nested namespace
1.9.4.Reuse namespace
1.9.5.Reference variables in namespaces
1.9.6.using namespace in program block
1.9.7.Reference global variable, variable in the nested namespace
1.9.8.Use Namespace to organize functions
1.9.9.function in a namespace reference variables in the same namespace
1.9.10.using namespace std;
1.9.11.Use function defined in a namespace
1.9.12.Using unnamed namespaces.
1.9.13.Using namespace aliases
1.9.14.Using the using directive
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