| java.lang.Object
 java.lang.StrictMath
| StrictMath | | final public strictfp class StrictMath (Code) | | The class StrictMath contains methods for performing basic
numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm,
square root, and trigonometric functions.
To help ensure portability of Java programs, the definitions of
many of the numeric functions in this package require that they
produce the same results as certain published algorithms. These
algorithms are available from the well-known network library
netlib as the package "Freely Distributable
Math Library" (fdlibm). These algorithms, which
are written in the C programming language, are then to be
understood as executed with all floating-point operations
following the rules of Java floating-point arithmetic.
The network library may be found on the World Wide Web at:
http://metalab.unc.edu/
The Java math library is defined with respect to the version of
fdlibm dated January 4, 1995. Where
fdlibm provides more than one definition for a
function (such as acos), use the "IEEE 754 core
function" version (residing in a file whose name begins with
the letter e).
author:
unascribed
version:
1.9, 02/02/00
since:
1.3 |
| Field Summary | |
| final public static double | E
The double value that is closer than any other to
e, the base of the natural logarithms. | | final public static double | PI
The double value that is closer than any other to
pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter. |
| Method Summary | |
| native public static double | IEEEremainder(double f1, double f2)
Computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed
by the IEEE 754 standard.
The remainder value is mathematically equal to
f1 - f2 × n,
where n is the mathematical integer closest to the exact
mathematical value of the quotient f1/f2, and if two
mathematical integers are equally close to f1/f2,
then n is the integer that is even. | | public static int | abs(int a)
Returns the absolute value of an int value..
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned. | | public static long | abs(long a)
Returns the absolute value of a long value.
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned. | | public static float | abs(float a)
Returns the absolute value of a float value. | | public static double | abs(double a)
Returns the absolute value of a double value.
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned. | | native public static double | acos(double a)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through
pi. | | native public static double | asin(double a)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through
pi/2. | | native public static double | atan(double a)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2
through pi/2. | | native public static double | atan2(double y, double x)
Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y)
to polar (r, theta).
This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent
of y/x in the range of -pi to pi. | | native public static double | ceil(double a)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity)
double value that is not less than the argument and is
equal to a mathematical integer. | | native public static double | cos(double a)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle. | | native public static double | exp(double a)
Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a
double value. | | native public static double | floor(double a)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity)
double value that is not greater than the argument and
is equal to a mathematical integer. | | native public static double | log(double a)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double
value. | | public static int | max(int a, int b)
Returns the greater of two int values. | | public static long | max(long a, long b)
Returns the greater of two long values. | | public static float | max(float a, float b)
Returns the greater of two float values. | | public static double | max(double a, double b)
Returns the greater of two double values. | | public static int | min(int a, int b)
Returns the smaller of two int values. | | public static long | min(long a, long b)
Returns the smaller of two long values. | | public static float | min(float a, float b)
Returns the smaller of two float values. | | public static double | min(double a, double b)
Returns the smaller of two double values. | | native public static double | pow(double a, double b)
Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the
second argument. | | public static double | random()
Returns a double value with a positive sign, greater
than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. | | native public static double | rint(double a)
Returns the double value that is closest in value
to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. | | public static int | round(float a)
Returns the closest int to the argument. | | public static long | round(double a)
Returns the closest long to the argument. | | native public static double | sin(double a)
Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle. | | native public static double | sqrt(double a)
Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a
double value.
Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result
is NaN.
| | native public static double | tan(double a)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle. | | public static double | toDegrees(double angrad)
Converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately
equivalent angle measured in degrees. | | public static double | toRadians(double angdeg)
Converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately
equivalent angle measured in radians. |
| E | | final public static double E(Code) | | The double value that is closer than any other to
e, the base of the natural logarithms.
|
| PI | | final public static double PI(Code) | | The double value that is closer than any other to
pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter.
|
| IEEEremainder | | native public static double IEEEremainder(double f1, double f2)(Code) | | Computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed
by the IEEE 754 standard.
The remainder value is mathematically equal to
f1 - f2 × n,
where n is the mathematical integer closest to the exact
mathematical value of the quotient f1/f2, and if two
mathematical integers are equally close to f1/f2,
then n is the integer that is even. If the remainder is
zero, its sign is the same as the sign of the first argument.
Special cases:
- If either argument is NaN, or the first argument is infinite,
or the second argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the
result is NaN.
- If the first argument is finite and the second argument is
infinite, then the result is the same as the first argument.
Parameters:
f1 - the dividend.
Parameters:
f2 - the divisor. the remainder when f1 is divided byf2. |
| abs | | public static int abs(int a)(Code) | | Returns the absolute value of an int value..
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.
Note that if the argument is equal to the value of
Integer.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable
int value, the result is that same value, which is
negative.
Parameters:
a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined. the absolute value of the argument.
See Also: java.lang.Integer.MIN_VALUE |
| abs | | public static long abs(long a)(Code) | | Returns the absolute value of a long value.
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.
Note that if the argument is equal to the value of
Long.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable
long value, the result is that same value, which is
negative.
Parameters:
a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined. the absolute value of the argument.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MIN_VALUE |
| abs | | public static float abs(float a)(Code) | | Returns the absolute value of a float value.
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.
Special cases:
- If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, the
result is positive zero.
- If the argument is infinite, the result is positive infinity.
- If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
In other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression:
Float.intBitsToFloat(0x7fffffff & Float.floatToIntBits(a))
Parameters:
a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined the absolute value of the argument. |
| abs | | public static double abs(double a)(Code) | | Returns the absolute value of a double value.
If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned.
If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.
Special cases:
- If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, the result
is positive zero.
- If the argument is infinite, the result is positive infinity.
- If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
In other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression:
Double.longBitsToDouble((Double.doubleToLongBits(a)<<1)>>>1)
Parameters:
a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined the absolute value of the argument.
|
| acos | | native public static double acos(double a)(Code) | | Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through
pi. Special case:
- If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater
than 1, then the result is NaN.
Parameters:
a - the value whose arc cosine is to be returned. the arc cosine of the argument. |
| asin | | native public static double asin(double a)(Code) | | Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through
pi/2. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater
than 1, then the result is NaN.
- If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
same sign as the argument.
Parameters:
a - the value whose arc sine is to be returned. the arc sine of the argument. |
| atan | | native public static double atan(double a)(Code) | | Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2
through pi/2. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
- If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
same sign as the argument.
Parameters:
a - the value whose arc tangent is to be returned. the arc tangent of the argument. |
| atan2 | | native public static double atan2(double y, double x)(Code) | | Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y)
to polar (r, theta).
This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent
of y/x in the range of -pi to pi. Special
cases:
- If either argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
- If the first argument is positive zero and the second argument
is positive, or the first argument is positive and finite and the
second argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive
zero.
- If the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is positive, or the first argument is negative and finite and the
second argument is positive infinity, then the result is negative zero.
- If the first argument is positive zero and the second argument
is negative, or the first argument is positive and finite and the
second argument is negative infinity, then the result is the
double value closest to pi.
- If the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is negative, or the first argument is negative and finite and the
second argument is negative infinity, then the result is the
double value closest to -pi.
- If the first argument is positive and the second argument is
positive zero or negative zero, or the first argument is positive
infinity and the second argument is finite, then the result is the
double value closest to pi/2.
- If the first argument is negative and the second argument is
positive zero or negative zero, or the first argument is negative
infinity and the second argument is finite, then the result is the
double value closest to -pi/2.
- If both arguments are positive infinity, then the result is the
double value closest to pi/4.
- If the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument
is negative infinity, then the result is the
double
value closest to 3*pi/4.
- If the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument
is positive infinity, then the result is the
double value
closest to -pi/4.
- If both arguments are negative infinity, then the result is the
double value closest to -3*pi/4.
Parameters:
y - the ordinate coordinate
Parameters:
x - the abscissa coordinate the theta component of the point(r, theta)in polar coordinates that corresponds to the point(x, y) in Cartesian coordinates. |
| ceil | | native public static double ceil(double a)(Code) | | Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity)
double value that is not less than the argument and is
equal to a mathematical integer. Special cases:
- If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical
integer, then the result is the same as the argument.
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or negative
zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
- If the argument value is less than zero but greater than -1.0,
then the result is negative zero.
Note that the value of Math.ceil(x) is exactly the
value of -Math.floor(-x).
Parameters:
a - a value. the smallest (closest to negative infinity) floating-point value that is not less than the argumentand is equal to a mathematical integer. |
| cos | | native public static double cos(double a)(Code) | | Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the
result is NaN.
Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians. the cosine of the argument. |
| exp | | native public static double exp(double a)(Code) | | Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a
double value. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
- If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is
positive infinity.
- If the argument is negative infinity, then the result is
positive zero.
Parameters:
a - the exponent to raise e to. the value ea, where e is the base of the natural logarithms. |
| floor | | native public static double floor(double a)(Code) | | Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity)
double value that is not greater than the argument and
is equal to a mathematical integer. Special cases:
- If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical
integer, then the result is the same as the argument.
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or
negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
Parameters:
a - a double value. the largest (closest to positive infinity) floating-point value that is not greater than the argumentand is equal to a mathematical integer. |
| log | | native public static double log(double a)(Code) | | Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double
value. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result
is NaN.
- If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is
positive infinity.
- If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the
result is negative infinity.
Parameters:
a - a number greater than 0.0. the value ln a, the natural logarithm ofa. |
| max | | public static int max(int a, int b)(Code) | | Returns the greater of two int values. That is, the
result is the argument closer to the value of
Integer.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value,
the result is that same value.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the larger of a and b.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MAX_VALUE |
| max | | public static long max(long a, long b)(Code) | | Returns the greater of two long values. That is, the
result is the argument closer to the value of
Long.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value,
the result is that same value.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the larger of a and b.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MAX_VALUE |
| max | | public static float max(float a, float b)(Code) | | Returns the greater of two float values. That is,
the result is the argument closer to positive infinity. If the
arguments have the same value, the result is that same
value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike
the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers
negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one
argument is positive zero and the other negative zero, the
result is positive zero.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the larger of a and b. |
| max | | public static double max(double a, double b)(Code) | | Returns the greater of two double values. That
is, the result is the argument closer to positive infinity. If
the arguments have the same value, the result is that same
value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike
the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers
negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one
argument is positive zero and the other negative zero, the
result is positive zero.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the larger of a and b. |
| min | | public static int min(int a, int b)(Code) | | Returns the smaller of two int values. That is,
the result the argument closer to the value of
Integer.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same
value, the result is that same value.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the smaller of a and b.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MIN_VALUE |
| min | | public static long min(long a, long b)(Code) | | Returns the smaller of two long values. That is,
the result is the argument closer to the value of
Long.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same
value, the result is that same value.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the smaller of a and b.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MIN_VALUE |
| min | | public static float min(float a, float b)(Code) | | Returns the smaller of two float values. That is,
the result is the value closer to negative infinity. If the
arguments have the same value, the result is that same
value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike
the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers
negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If
one argument is positive zero and the other is negative zero,
the result is negative zero.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the smaller of a and b. |
| min | | public static double min(double a, double b)(Code) | | Returns the smaller of two double values. That
is, the result is the value closer to negative infinity. If the
arguments have the same value, the result is that same
value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike
the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers
negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one
argument is positive zero and the other is negative zero, the
result is negative zero.
Parameters:
a - an argument.
Parameters:
b - another argument. the smaller of a and b. |
| pow | | native public static double pow(double a, double b)(Code) | | Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the
second argument. Special cases:
- If the second argument is positive or negative zero, then the
result is 1.0.
- If the second argument is 1.0, then the result is the same as the
first argument.
- If the second argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
- If the first argument is NaN and the second argument is nonzero,
then the result is NaN.
- If
- the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1
and the second argument is positive infinity, or
- the absolute value of the first argument is less than 1 and
the second argument is negative infinity,
then the result is positive infinity.
- If
- the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1 and
the second argument is negative infinity, or
- the absolute value of the
first argument is less than 1 and the second argument is positive
infinity,
then the result is positive zero.
- If the absolute value of the first argument equals 1 and the
second argument is infinite, then the result is NaN.
- If
- the first argument is positive zero and the second argument
is greater than zero, or
- the first argument is positive infinity and the second
argument is less than zero,
then the result is positive zero.
- If
- the first argument is positive zero and the second argument
is less than zero, or
- the first argument is positive infinity and the second
argument is greater than zero,
then the result is positive infinity.
- If
- the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is greater than zero but not a finite odd integer, or
- the first argument is negative infinity and the second
argument is less than zero but not a finite odd integer,
then the result is positive zero.
- If
- the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is a positive finite odd integer, or
- the first argument is negative infinity and the second
argument is a negative finite odd integer,
then the result is negative zero.
- If
- the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is less than zero but not a finite odd integer, or
- the first argument is negative infinity and the second
argument is greater than zero but not a finite odd integer,
then the result is positive infinity.
- If
- the first argument is negative zero and the second argument
is a negative finite odd integer, or
- the first argument is negative infinity and the second
argument is a positive finite odd integer,
then the result is negative infinity.
- If the first argument is finite and less than zero
- if the second argument is a finite even integer, the
result is equal to the result of raising the absolute value of
the first argument to the power of the second argument
- if the second argument is a finite odd integer, the result
is equal to the negative of the result of raising the absolute
value of the first argument to the power of the second
argument
- if the second argument is finite and not an integer, then
the result is NaN.
- If both arguments are integers, then the result is exactly equal
to the mathematical result of raising the first argument to the power
of the second argument if that result can in fact be represented
exactly as a
double value.
(In the foregoing descriptions, a floating-point value is
considered to be an integer if and only if it is finite and a
fixed point of the method
StrictMath.ceil ceil or,
equivalently, a fixed point of the method
StrictMath.floorfloor . A value is a fixed point of a one-argument
method if and only if the result of applying the method to the
value is equal to the value.)
Parameters:
a - base.
Parameters:
b - the exponent. the value ab. |
| random | | public static double random()(Code) | | Returns a double value with a positive sign, greater
than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
Returned values are chosen pseudorandomly with (approximately)
uniform distribution from that range.
When this method is first called, it creates a single new
pseudorandom-number generator, exactly as if by the expression
new java.util.Random
This new pseudorandom-number generator is used thereafter for all
calls to this method and is used nowhere else.
This method is properly synchronized to allow correct use by more
than one thread. However, if many threads need to generate
pseudorandom numbers at a great rate, it may reduce contention for
each thread to have its own pseudorandom number generator.
a pseudorandom double greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
See Also: java.util.Random.nextDouble |
| rint | | native public static double rint(double a)(Code) | | Returns the double value that is closest in value
to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. If two
double values that are mathematical integers are
equally close to the value of the argument, the result is the
integer value that is even. Special cases:
- If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical
integer, then the result is the same as the argument.
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or negative
zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
Parameters:
a - a value. the closest floating-point value to a that isequal to a mathematical integer. |
| round | | public static int round(float a)(Code) | | Returns the closest int to the argument. The
result is rounded to an integer by adding 1/2, taking the
floor of the result, and casting the result to type int.
In other words, the result is equal to the value of the expression:
(int)Math.floor(a + 0.5f)
Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN, the result is 0.
- If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or
equal to the value of
Integer.MIN_VALUE, the result is
equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE.
- If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or
equal to the value of
Integer.MAX_VALUE, the result is
equal to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE.
Parameters:
a - a floating-point value to be rounded to an integer. the value of the argument rounded to the nearestint value.
See Also: java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE
See Also: java.lang.Integer.MIN_VALUE |
| round | | public static long round(double a)(Code) | | Returns the closest long to the argument. The result
is rounded to an integer by adding 1/2, taking the floor of the
result, and casting the result to type long. In other
words, the result is equal to the value of the expression:
(long)Math.floor(a + 0.5d)
Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN, the result is 0.
- If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or
equal to the value of
Long.MIN_VALUE, the result is
equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE.
- If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or
equal to the value of
Long.MAX_VALUE, the result is
equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE.
Parameters:
a - a floating-point value to be rounded to along. the value of the argument rounded to the nearestlong value.
See Also: java.lang.Long.MAX_VALUE
See Also: java.lang.Long.MIN_VALUE |
| sin | | native public static double sin(double a)(Code) | | Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the
result is NaN.
- If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
same sign as the argument.
Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians. the sine of the argument. |
| sqrt | | native public static double sqrt(double a)(Code) | | Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a
double value.
Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result
is NaN.
- If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive
infinity.
- If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the
result is the same as the argument.
Otherwise, the result is the double value closest to
the true mathematical square root of the argument value.
Parameters:
a - a value. the positive square root of a. |
| tan | | native public static double tan(double a)(Code) | | Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle. Special cases:
- If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the result
is NaN.
- If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
same sign as the argument.
Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians. the tangent of the argument. |
| toDegrees | | public static double toDegrees(double angrad)(Code) | | Converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately
equivalent angle measured in degrees. The conversion from
radians to degrees is generally inexact; users should
not expect cos(toRadians(90.0)) to exactly
equal 0.0.
Parameters:
angrad - an angle, in radians the measurement of the angle angradin degrees. |
| toRadians | | public static double toRadians(double angdeg)(Code) | | Converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately
equivalent angle measured in radians. The conversion from
degrees to radians is generally inexact.
Parameters:
angdeg - an angle, in degrees the measurement of the angle angdegin radians. |
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