| This exception may be thrown by methods that have detected concurrent
modification of an object when such modification is not permissible.
For example, it is not generally permssible for one thread to modify a Collection
while another thread is iterating over it. In general, the results of the
iteration are undefined under these circumstances. Some Iterator
implementations (including those of all the collection implementations
provided by the JRE) may choose to throw this exception if this behavior is
detected. Iterators that do this are known as fail-fast iterators,
as they fail quickly and cleanly, rather that risking arbitrary,
non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
Note that this exception does not always indicate that an object has
been concurrently modified by a different thread. If a single
thread issues a sequence of method invocations that violates the
contract of an object, the object may throw this exception. For
example, if a thread modifies a collection directly while it is
iterating over the collection with a fail-fast iterator, the iterator
will thow this exception.
Note that fail-fast behavior cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally
speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of
unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast operations
throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis.
Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
exception for its correctness: ConcurrentModificationException
should be used only to detect bugs.
author:
Josh Bloch
version:
1.11, 02/02/00
See Also: Collection
See Also: Iterator
See Also: ListIterator
See Also: Vector
See Also: LinkedList
See Also: HashSet
See Also: Hashtable
See Also: TreeMap
See Also: AbstractList
since:
1.2 |
