HttpUtility.cs :  » 2.6.4-mono-.net-core » System.Net » System » Net » C# / CSharp Open Source

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C# / CSharp Open Source » 2.6.4 mono .net core » System.Net 
System.Net » System » Net » HttpUtility.cs
// 
// Copied from System.Web.HttpUtility and marked internal
//
// Authors:
//   Patrik Torstensson (Patrik.Torstensson@labs2.com)
//   Wictor Wiln (decode/encode functions) (wictor@ibizkit.se)
//   Tim Coleman (tim@timcoleman.com)
//   Gonzalo Paniagua Javier (gonzalo@ximian.com)
//
// Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Text;

namespace System.Net{

  internal sealed class HttpUtility
  {
    sealed class HttpQSCollection : NameValueCollection
    {
      public override string ToString ()
      {
        int count = Count;
        if (count == 0)
          return "";
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
        string [] keys = AllKeys;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          sb.AppendFormat ("{0}={1}&", keys [i], this [keys [i]]);
        }
        if (sb.Length > 0)
          sb.Length--;
        return sb.ToString ();
      }
    }
    #region Fields
  
    static Hashtable entities;
    static object lock_ = new object ();
  
    #endregion // Fields
  
    static Hashtable Entities {
      get {
        lock (lock_) {
          if (entities == null)
            InitEntities ();

          return entities;
        }
      }
    }
    
    #region Constructors

    static void InitEntities ()
    {
      // Build the hash table of HTML entity references.  This list comes
      // from the HTML 4.01 W3C recommendation.
      entities = new Hashtable ();
      entities.Add ("nbsp", '\u00A0');
      entities.Add ("iexcl", '\u00A1');
      entities.Add ("cent", '\u00A2');
      entities.Add ("pound", '\u00A3');
      entities.Add ("curren", '\u00A4');
      entities.Add ("yen", '\u00A5');
      entities.Add ("brvbar", '\u00A6');
      entities.Add ("sect", '\u00A7');
      entities.Add ("uml", '\u00A8');
      entities.Add ("copy", '\u00A9');
      entities.Add ("ordf", '\u00AA');
      entities.Add ("laquo", '\u00AB');
      entities.Add ("not", '\u00AC');
      entities.Add ("shy", '\u00AD');
      entities.Add ("reg", '\u00AE');
      entities.Add ("macr", '\u00AF');
      entities.Add ("deg", '\u00B0');
      entities.Add ("plusmn", '\u00B1');
      entities.Add ("sup2", '\u00B2');
      entities.Add ("sup3", '\u00B3');
      entities.Add ("acute", '\u00B4');
      entities.Add ("micro", '\u00B5');
      entities.Add ("para", '\u00B6');
      entities.Add ("middot", '\u00B7');
      entities.Add ("cedil", '\u00B8');
      entities.Add ("sup1", '\u00B9');
      entities.Add ("ordm", '\u00BA');
      entities.Add ("raquo", '\u00BB');
      entities.Add ("frac14", '\u00BC');
      entities.Add ("frac12", '\u00BD');
      entities.Add ("frac34", '\u00BE');
      entities.Add ("iquest", '\u00BF');
      entities.Add ("Agrave", '\u00C0');
      entities.Add ("Aacute", '\u00C1');
      entities.Add ("Acirc", '\u00C2');
      entities.Add ("Atilde", '\u00C3');
      entities.Add ("Auml", '\u00C4');
      entities.Add ("Aring", '\u00C5');
      entities.Add ("AElig", '\u00C6');
      entities.Add ("Ccedil", '\u00C7');
      entities.Add ("Egrave", '\u00C8');
      entities.Add ("Eacute", '\u00C9');
      entities.Add ("Ecirc", '\u00CA');
      entities.Add ("Euml", '\u00CB');
      entities.Add ("Igrave", '\u00CC');
      entities.Add ("Iacute", '\u00CD');
      entities.Add ("Icirc", '\u00CE');
      entities.Add ("Iuml", '\u00CF');
      entities.Add ("ETH", '\u00D0');
      entities.Add ("Ntilde", '\u00D1');
      entities.Add ("Ograve", '\u00D2');
      entities.Add ("Oacute", '\u00D3');
      entities.Add ("Ocirc", '\u00D4');
      entities.Add ("Otilde", '\u00D5');
      entities.Add ("Ouml", '\u00D6');
      entities.Add ("times", '\u00D7');
      entities.Add ("Oslash", '\u00D8');
      entities.Add ("Ugrave", '\u00D9');
      entities.Add ("Uacute", '\u00DA');
      entities.Add ("Ucirc", '\u00DB');
      entities.Add ("Uuml", '\u00DC');
      entities.Add ("Yacute", '\u00DD');
      entities.Add ("THORN", '\u00DE');
      entities.Add ("szlig", '\u00DF');
      entities.Add ("agrave", '\u00E0');
      entities.Add ("aacute", '\u00E1');
      entities.Add ("acirc", '\u00E2');
      entities.Add ("atilde", '\u00E3');
      entities.Add ("auml", '\u00E4');
      entities.Add ("aring", '\u00E5');
      entities.Add ("aelig", '\u00E6');
      entities.Add ("ccedil", '\u00E7');
      entities.Add ("egrave", '\u00E8');
      entities.Add ("eacute", '\u00E9');
      entities.Add ("ecirc", '\u00EA');
      entities.Add ("euml", '\u00EB');
      entities.Add ("igrave", '\u00EC');
      entities.Add ("iacute", '\u00ED');
      entities.Add ("icirc", '\u00EE');
      entities.Add ("iuml", '\u00EF');
      entities.Add ("eth", '\u00F0');
      entities.Add ("ntilde", '\u00F1');
      entities.Add ("ograve", '\u00F2');
      entities.Add ("oacute", '\u00F3');
      entities.Add ("ocirc", '\u00F4');
      entities.Add ("otilde", '\u00F5');
      entities.Add ("ouml", '\u00F6');
      entities.Add ("divide", '\u00F7');
      entities.Add ("oslash", '\u00F8');
      entities.Add ("ugrave", '\u00F9');
      entities.Add ("uacute", '\u00FA');
      entities.Add ("ucirc", '\u00FB');
      entities.Add ("uuml", '\u00FC');
      entities.Add ("yacute", '\u00FD');
      entities.Add ("thorn", '\u00FE');
      entities.Add ("yuml", '\u00FF');
      entities.Add ("fnof", '\u0192');
      entities.Add ("Alpha", '\u0391');
      entities.Add ("Beta", '\u0392');
      entities.Add ("Gamma", '\u0393');
      entities.Add ("Delta", '\u0394');
      entities.Add ("Epsilon", '\u0395');
      entities.Add ("Zeta", '\u0396');
      entities.Add ("Eta", '\u0397');
      entities.Add ("Theta", '\u0398');
      entities.Add ("Iota", '\u0399');
      entities.Add ("Kappa", '\u039A');
      entities.Add ("Lambda", '\u039B');
      entities.Add ("Mu", '\u039C');
      entities.Add ("Nu", '\u039D');
      entities.Add ("Xi", '\u039E');
      entities.Add ("Omicron", '\u039F');
      entities.Add ("Pi", '\u03A0');
      entities.Add ("Rho", '\u03A1');
      entities.Add ("Sigma", '\u03A3');
      entities.Add ("Tau", '\u03A4');
      entities.Add ("Upsilon", '\u03A5');
      entities.Add ("Phi", '\u03A6');
      entities.Add ("Chi", '\u03A7');
      entities.Add ("Psi", '\u03A8');
      entities.Add ("Omega", '\u03A9');
      entities.Add ("alpha", '\u03B1');
      entities.Add ("beta", '\u03B2');
      entities.Add ("gamma", '\u03B3');
      entities.Add ("delta", '\u03B4');
      entities.Add ("epsilon", '\u03B5');
      entities.Add ("zeta", '\u03B6');
      entities.Add ("eta", '\u03B7');
      entities.Add ("theta", '\u03B8');
      entities.Add ("iota", '\u03B9');
      entities.Add ("kappa", '\u03BA');
      entities.Add ("lambda", '\u03BB');
      entities.Add ("mu", '\u03BC');
      entities.Add ("nu", '\u03BD');
      entities.Add ("xi", '\u03BE');
      entities.Add ("omicron", '\u03BF');
      entities.Add ("pi", '\u03C0');
      entities.Add ("rho", '\u03C1');
      entities.Add ("sigmaf", '\u03C2');
      entities.Add ("sigma", '\u03C3');
      entities.Add ("tau", '\u03C4');
      entities.Add ("upsilon", '\u03C5');
      entities.Add ("phi", '\u03C6');
      entities.Add ("chi", '\u03C7');
      entities.Add ("psi", '\u03C8');
      entities.Add ("omega", '\u03C9');
      entities.Add ("thetasym", '\u03D1');
      entities.Add ("upsih", '\u03D2');
      entities.Add ("piv", '\u03D6');
      entities.Add ("bull", '\u2022');
      entities.Add ("hellip", '\u2026');
      entities.Add ("prime", '\u2032');
      entities.Add ("Prime", '\u2033');
      entities.Add ("oline", '\u203E');
      entities.Add ("frasl", '\u2044');
      entities.Add ("weierp", '\u2118');
      entities.Add ("image", '\u2111');
      entities.Add ("real", '\u211C');
      entities.Add ("trade", '\u2122');
      entities.Add ("alefsym", '\u2135');
      entities.Add ("larr", '\u2190');
      entities.Add ("uarr", '\u2191');
      entities.Add ("rarr", '\u2192');
      entities.Add ("darr", '\u2193');
      entities.Add ("harr", '\u2194');
      entities.Add ("crarr", '\u21B5');
      entities.Add ("lArr", '\u21D0');
      entities.Add ("uArr", '\u21D1');
      entities.Add ("rArr", '\u21D2');
      entities.Add ("dArr", '\u21D3');
      entities.Add ("hArr", '\u21D4');
      entities.Add ("forall", '\u2200');
      entities.Add ("part", '\u2202');
      entities.Add ("exist", '\u2203');
      entities.Add ("empty", '\u2205');
      entities.Add ("nabla", '\u2207');
      entities.Add ("isin", '\u2208');
      entities.Add ("notin", '\u2209');
      entities.Add ("ni", '\u220B');
      entities.Add ("prod", '\u220F');
      entities.Add ("sum", '\u2211');
      entities.Add ("minus", '\u2212');
      entities.Add ("lowast", '\u2217');
      entities.Add ("radic", '\u221A');
      entities.Add ("prop", '\u221D');
      entities.Add ("infin", '\u221E');
      entities.Add ("ang", '\u2220');
      entities.Add ("and", '\u2227');
      entities.Add ("or", '\u2228');
      entities.Add ("cap", '\u2229');
      entities.Add ("cup", '\u222A');
      entities.Add ("int", '\u222B');
      entities.Add ("there4", '\u2234');
      entities.Add ("sim", '\u223C');
      entities.Add ("cong", '\u2245');
      entities.Add ("asymp", '\u2248');
      entities.Add ("ne", '\u2260');
      entities.Add ("equiv", '\u2261');
      entities.Add ("le", '\u2264');
      entities.Add ("ge", '\u2265');
      entities.Add ("sub", '\u2282');
      entities.Add ("sup", '\u2283');
      entities.Add ("nsub", '\u2284');
      entities.Add ("sube", '\u2286');
      entities.Add ("supe", '\u2287');
      entities.Add ("oplus", '\u2295');
      entities.Add ("otimes", '\u2297');
      entities.Add ("perp", '\u22A5');
      entities.Add ("sdot", '\u22C5');
      entities.Add ("lceil", '\u2308');
      entities.Add ("rceil", '\u2309');
      entities.Add ("lfloor", '\u230A');
      entities.Add ("rfloor", '\u230B');
      entities.Add ("lang", '\u2329');
      entities.Add ("rang", '\u232A');
      entities.Add ("loz", '\u25CA');
      entities.Add ("spades", '\u2660');
      entities.Add ("clubs", '\u2663');
      entities.Add ("hearts", '\u2665');
      entities.Add ("diams", '\u2666');
      entities.Add ("quot", '\u0022');
      entities.Add ("amp", '\u0026');
      entities.Add ("lt", '\u003C');
      entities.Add ("gt", '\u003E');
      entities.Add ("OElig", '\u0152');
      entities.Add ("oelig", '\u0153');
      entities.Add ("Scaron", '\u0160');
      entities.Add ("scaron", '\u0161');
      entities.Add ("Yuml", '\u0178');
      entities.Add ("circ", '\u02C6');
      entities.Add ("tilde", '\u02DC');
      entities.Add ("ensp", '\u2002');
      entities.Add ("emsp", '\u2003');
      entities.Add ("thinsp", '\u2009');
      entities.Add ("zwnj", '\u200C');
      entities.Add ("zwj", '\u200D');
      entities.Add ("lrm", '\u200E');
      entities.Add ("rlm", '\u200F');
      entities.Add ("ndash", '\u2013');
      entities.Add ("mdash", '\u2014');
      entities.Add ("lsquo", '\u2018');
      entities.Add ("rsquo", '\u2019');
      entities.Add ("sbquo", '\u201A');
      entities.Add ("ldquo", '\u201C');
      entities.Add ("rdquo", '\u201D');
      entities.Add ("bdquo", '\u201E');
      entities.Add ("dagger", '\u2020');
      entities.Add ("Dagger", '\u2021');
      entities.Add ("permil", '\u2030');
      entities.Add ("lsaquo", '\u2039');
      entities.Add ("rsaquo", '\u203A');
      entities.Add ("euro", '\u20AC');
    }

    public HttpUtility () 
    {
    }
  
    #endregion // Constructors
  
    #region Methods
  
    public static void HtmlAttributeEncode (string s, TextWriter output) 
    {
      output.Write(HtmlAttributeEncode(s));
    }
  
    public static string HtmlAttributeEncode (string s) 
    {
      if (null == s) 
        return null;
  
      bool needEncode = false;
      for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) {
        if (s [i] == '&' || s [i] == '"' || s [i] == '<') {
          needEncode = true;
          break;
        }
      }

      if (!needEncode)
        return s;

      StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder ();
      int len = s.Length;
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        switch (s [i]) {
        case '&' : 
          output.Append ("&amp;");
          break;
        case '"' :
          output.Append ("&quot;");
          break;
        case '<':
          output.Append ("&lt;");
          break;
        default:
          output.Append (s [i]);
          break;
        }
  
      return output.ToString();
    }
  
    public static string UrlDecode (string str) 
    {
      return UrlDecode(str, Encoding.UTF8);
    }
  
    static char [] GetChars (MemoryStream b, Encoding e)
    {
      return e.GetChars (b.GetBuffer (), 0, (int) b.Length);
    }

    static void WriteCharBytes (IList buf, char ch, Encoding e)
    {
      if (ch > 255) {
        foreach (byte b in e.GetBytes (new char[] { ch }))
          buf.Add (b);
      } else
        buf.Add ((byte)ch);
    }
    
    public static string UrlDecode (string s, Encoding e)
    {
      if (null == s) 
        return null;

      if (s.IndexOf ('%') == -1 && s.IndexOf ('+') == -1)
        return s;
      
      if (e == null)
        e = Encoding.UTF8;

      long len = s.Length;
      var bytes = new List <byte> ();
      int xchar;
      char ch;
      
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        ch = s [i];
        if (ch == '%' && i + 2 < len && s [i + 1] != '%') {
          if (s [i + 1] == 'u' && i + 5 < len) {
            // unicode hex sequence
            xchar = GetChar (s, i + 2, 4);
            if (xchar != -1) {
              WriteCharBytes (bytes, (char)xchar, e);
              i += 5;
            } else
              WriteCharBytes (bytes, '%', e);
          } else if ((xchar = GetChar (s, i + 1, 2)) != -1) {
            WriteCharBytes (bytes, (char)xchar, e);
            i += 2;
          } else {
            WriteCharBytes (bytes, '%', e);
          }
          continue;
        }

        if (ch == '+')
          WriteCharBytes (bytes, ' ', e);
        else
          WriteCharBytes (bytes, ch, e);
      }
      
      byte[] buf = bytes.ToArray ();
      bytes = null;
      return e.GetString (buf);
      
    }
  
    public static string UrlDecode (byte [] bytes, Encoding e)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      return UrlDecode (bytes, 0, bytes.Length, e);
    }

    static int GetInt (byte b)
    {
      char c = (char) b;
      if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
        return c - '0';

      if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
        return c - 'a' + 10;

      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
        return c - 'A' + 10;

      return -1;
    }

    static int GetChar (byte [] bytes, int offset, int length)
    {
      int value = 0;
      int end = length + offset;
      for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
        int current = GetInt (bytes [i]);
        if (current == -1)
          return -1;
        value = (value << 4) + current;
      }

      return value;
    }

    static int GetChar (string str, int offset, int length)
    {
      int val = 0;
      int end = length + offset;
      for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
        char c = str [i];
        if (c > 127)
          return -1;

        int current = GetInt ((byte) c);
        if (current == -1)
          return -1;
        val = (val << 4) + current;
      }

      return val;
    }
    
    public static string UrlDecode (byte [] bytes, int offset, int count, Encoding e)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;
      if (count == 0)
        return String.Empty;

      if (bytes == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("bytes");

      if (offset < 0 || offset > bytes.Length)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("offset");

      if (count < 0 || offset + count > bytes.Length)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("count");

      StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder ();
      MemoryStream acc = new MemoryStream ();

      int end = count + offset;
      int xchar;
      for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
        if (bytes [i] == '%' && i + 2 < count && bytes [i + 1] != '%') {
          if (bytes [i + 1] == (byte) 'u' && i + 5 < end) {
            if (acc.Length > 0) {
              output.Append (GetChars (acc, e));
              acc.SetLength (0);
            }
            xchar = GetChar (bytes, i + 2, 4);
            if (xchar != -1) {
              output.Append ((char) xchar);
              i += 5;
              continue;
            }
          } else if ((xchar = GetChar (bytes, i + 1, 2)) != -1) {
            acc.WriteByte ((byte) xchar);
            i += 2;
            continue;
          }
        }

        if (acc.Length > 0) {
          output.Append (GetChars (acc, e));
          acc.SetLength (0);
        }

        if (bytes [i] == '+') {
          output.Append (' ');
        } else {
          output.Append ((char) bytes [i]);
        }
      }

      if (acc.Length > 0) {
        output.Append (GetChars (acc, e));
      }
      
      acc = null;
      return output.ToString ();
    }
  
    public static byte [] UrlDecodeToBytes (byte [] bytes)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      return UrlDecodeToBytes (bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
    }

    public static byte [] UrlDecodeToBytes (string str)
    {
      return UrlDecodeToBytes (str, Encoding.UTF8);
    }

    public static byte [] UrlDecodeToBytes (string str, Encoding e)
    {
      if (str == null)
        return null;

      if (e == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("e");

      return UrlDecodeToBytes (e.GetBytes (str));
    }

    public static byte [] UrlDecodeToBytes (byte [] bytes, int offset, int count)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;
      if (count == 0)
        return new byte [0];

      int len = bytes.Length;
      if (offset < 0 || offset >= len)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset");

      if (count < 0 || offset > len - count)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count");

      MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream ();
      int end = offset + count;
      for (int i = offset; i < end; i++){
        char c = (char) bytes [i];
        if (c == '+') {
          c = ' ';
        } else if (c == '%' && i < end - 2) {
          int xchar = GetChar (bytes, i + 1, 2);
          if (xchar != -1) {
            c = (char) xchar;
            i += 2;
          }
        }
        result.WriteByte ((byte) c);
      }

      return result.ToArray ();
    }

    public static string UrlEncode(string str) 
    {
      return UrlEncode(str, Encoding.UTF8);
    }
  
    public static string UrlEncode (string s, Encoding Enc) 
    {
      if (s == null)
        return null;

      if (s == "")
        return "";

      bool needEncode = false;
      int len = s.Length;
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        char c = s [i];
        if ((c < '0') || (c < 'A' && c > '9') || (c > 'Z' && c < 'a') || (c > 'z')) {
          if (NotEncoded (c))
            continue;

          needEncode = true;
          break;
        }
      }

      if (!needEncode)
        return s;

      // avoided GetByteCount call
      byte [] bytes = new byte[Enc.GetMaxByteCount(s.Length)];
      int realLen = Enc.GetBytes (s, 0, s.Length, bytes, 0);
      return Encoding.ASCII.GetString (UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, 0, realLen));
    }
    
    public static string UrlEncode (byte [] bytes)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      if (bytes.Length == 0)
        return "";

      return Encoding.ASCII.GetString (UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, 0, bytes.Length));
    }

    public static string UrlEncode (byte [] bytes, int offset, int count)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      if (bytes.Length == 0)
        return "";

      return Encoding.ASCII.GetString (UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, offset, count));
    }

    public static byte [] UrlEncodeToBytes (string str)
    {
      return UrlEncodeToBytes (str, Encoding.UTF8);
    }

    public static byte [] UrlEncodeToBytes (string str, Encoding e)
    {
      if (str == null)
        return null;

      if (str == "")
        return new byte [0];

      byte [] bytes = e.GetBytes (str);
      return UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
    }

    public static byte [] UrlEncodeToBytes (byte [] bytes)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      if (bytes.Length == 0)
        return new byte [0];

      return UrlEncodeToBytes (bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
    }

    static char [] hexChars = "0123456789abcdef".ToCharArray ();

    static bool NotEncoded (char c)
    {
      return (c == '!' || c == '\'' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '*' || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_');
    }

    static void UrlEncodeChar (char c, Stream result, bool isUnicode) {
      if (c > 255) {
        //FIXME: what happens when there is an internal error?
        //if (!isUnicode)
        //  throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("c", c, "c must be less than 256");
        int idx;
        int i = (int) c;

        result.WriteByte ((byte)'%');
        result.WriteByte ((byte)'u');
        idx = i >> 12;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
        idx = (i >> 8) & 0x0F;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
        idx = (i >> 4) & 0x0F;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
        idx = i & 0x0F;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
        return;
      }
      
      if (c > ' ' && NotEncoded (c)) {
        result.WriteByte ((byte)c);
        return;
      }
      if (c==' ') {
        result.WriteByte ((byte)'+');
        return;
      }
      if (  (c < '0') ||
        (c < 'A' && c > '9') ||
        (c > 'Z' && c < 'a') ||
        (c > 'z')) {
        if (isUnicode && c > 127) {
          result.WriteByte ((byte)'%');
          result.WriteByte ((byte)'u');
          result.WriteByte ((byte)'0');
          result.WriteByte ((byte)'0');
        }
        else
          result.WriteByte ((byte)'%');
        
        int idx = ((int) c) >> 4;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
        idx = ((int) c) & 0x0F;
        result.WriteByte ((byte)hexChars [idx]);
      }
      else
        result.WriteByte ((byte)c);
    }

    public static byte [] UrlEncodeToBytes (byte [] bytes, int offset, int count)
    {
      if (bytes == null)
        return null;

      int len = bytes.Length;
      if (len == 0)
        return new byte [0];

      if (offset < 0 || offset >= len)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset");

      if (count < 0 || count > len - offset)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count");

      MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream (count);
      int end = offset + count;
      for (int i = offset; i < end; i++)
        UrlEncodeChar ((char)bytes [i], result, false);

      return result.ToArray();
    }

    public static string UrlEncodeUnicode (string str)
    {
      if (str == null)
        return null;

      return Encoding.ASCII.GetString (UrlEncodeUnicodeToBytes (str));
    }

    public static byte [] UrlEncodeUnicodeToBytes (string str)
    {
      if (str == null)
        return null;

      if (str == "")
        return new byte [0];

      MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream (str.Length);
      foreach (char c in str){
        UrlEncodeChar (c, result, true);
      }
      return result.ToArray ();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decodes an HTML-encoded string and returns the decoded string.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s">The HTML string to decode. </param>
    /// <returns>The decoded text.</returns>
    public static string HtmlDecode (string s) 
    {
      if (s == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("s");

      if (s.IndexOf ('&') == -1)
        return s;

      StringBuilder entity = new StringBuilder ();
      StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder ();
      int len = s.Length;
      // 0 -> nothing,
      // 1 -> right after '&'
      // 2 -> between '&' and ';' but no '#'
      // 3 -> '#' found after '&' and getting numbers
      int state = 0;
      int number = 0;
      bool have_trailing_digits = false;
  
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        char c = s [i];
        if (state == 0) {
          if (c == '&') {
            entity.Append (c);
            state = 1;
          } else {
            output.Append (c);
          }
          continue;
        }

        if (c == '&') {
          state = 1;
          if (have_trailing_digits) {
            entity.Append (number.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
            have_trailing_digits = false;
          }

          output.Append (entity.ToString ());
          entity.Length = 0;
          entity.Append ('&');
          continue;
        }

        if (state == 1) {
          if (c == ';') {
            state = 0;
            output.Append (entity.ToString ());
            output.Append (c);
            entity.Length = 0;
          } else {
            number = 0;
            if (c != '#') {
              state = 2;
            } else {
              state = 3;
            }
            entity.Append (c);
          }
        } else if (state == 2) {
          entity.Append (c);
          if (c == ';') {
            string key = entity.ToString ();
            if (key.Length > 1 && Entities.ContainsKey (key.Substring (1, key.Length - 2)))
              key = Entities [key.Substring (1, key.Length - 2)].ToString ();

            output.Append (key);
            state = 0;
            entity.Length = 0;
          }
        } else if (state == 3) {
          if (c == ';') {
            if (number > 65535) {
              output.Append ("&#");
              output.Append (number.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
              output.Append (";");
            } else {
              output.Append ((char) number);
            }
            state = 0;
            entity.Length = 0;
            have_trailing_digits = false;
          } else if (Char.IsDigit (c)) {
            number = number * 10 + ((int) c - '0');
            have_trailing_digits = true;
          } else {
            state = 2;
            if (have_trailing_digits) {
              entity.Append (number.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
              have_trailing_digits = false;
            }
            entity.Append (c);
          }
        }
      }

      if (entity.Length > 0) {
        output.Append (entity.ToString ());
      } else if (have_trailing_digits) {
        output.Append (number.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
      }
      return output.ToString ();
    }
  
    /// <summary>
    /// Decodes an HTML-encoded string and sends the resulting output to a TextWriter output stream.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s">The HTML string to decode</param>
    /// <param name="output">The TextWriter output stream containing the decoded string. </param>
    public static void HtmlDecode(string s, TextWriter output) 
    {
      if (s != null)
        output.Write (HtmlDecode (s));
    }
  
    /// <summary>
    /// HTML-encodes a string and returns the encoded string.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s">The text string to encode. </param>
    /// <returns>The HTML-encoded text.</returns>
    public static string HtmlEncode (string s) 
    {
      if (s == null)
        return null;

      bool needEncode = false;
      for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) {
        char c = s [i];
        if (c == '&' || c == '"' || c == '<' || c == '>' || c > 159) {
          needEncode = true;
          break;
        }
      }

      if (!needEncode)
        return s;

      StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder ();
      
      int len = s.Length;
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
        switch (s [i]) {
        case '&' :
          output.Append ("&amp;");
          break;
        case '>' : 
          output.Append ("&gt;");
          break;
        case '<' :
          output.Append ("&lt;");
          break;
        case '"' :
          output.Append ("&quot;");
          break;
        default:
          // MS starts encoding with &# from 160 and stops at 255.
          // We don't do that. One reason is the 65308/65310 unicode
          // characters that look like '<' and '>'.
#if TARGET_JVM
          if (s [i] > 159 && s [i] < 256) {
#else
          if (s [i] > 159) {
#endif
            output.Append ("&#");
            output.Append (((int) s [i]).ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
            output.Append (";");
          } else {
            output.Append (s [i]);
          }
          break;
        }
      return output.ToString ();
    }
  
    /// <summary>
    /// HTML-encodes a string and sends the resulting output to a TextWriter output stream.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s">The string to encode. </param>
    /// <param name="output">The TextWriter output stream containing the encoded string. </param>
    public static void HtmlEncode(string s, TextWriter output) 
    {
      if (s != null)
        output.Write (HtmlEncode (s));
    }

    public static string UrlPathEncode (string s)
    {
      if (s == null || s.Length == 0)
        return s;

      MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream ();
      int length = s.Length;
      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        UrlPathEncodeChar (s [i], result);
      }
      return Encoding.ASCII.GetString (result.ToArray ());
    }
    
    static void UrlPathEncodeChar (char c, Stream result)
    {
      if (c < 33 || c > 126) {
        byte [] bIn = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (c.ToString ());
        for (int i = 0; i < bIn.Length; i++) {
          result.WriteByte ((byte) '%');
          int idx = ((int) bIn [i]) >> 4;
          result.WriteByte ((byte) hexChars [idx]);
          idx = ((int) bIn [i]) & 0x0F;
          result.WriteByte ((byte) hexChars [idx]);
        }
      }
      else if (c == ' ') {
        result.WriteByte ((byte) '%');
        result.WriteByte ((byte) '2');
        result.WriteByte ((byte) '0');
      }
      else
        result.WriteByte ((byte) c);
    }

    public static NameValueCollection ParseQueryString (string query)
    {
      return ParseQueryString (query, Encoding.UTF8);
    }

    public static NameValueCollection ParseQueryString (string query, Encoding encoding)
    {
      if (query == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("query");
      if (encoding == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("encoding");
      if (query.Length == 0 || (query.Length == 1 && query[0] == '?'))
        return new NameValueCollection ();
      if (query[0] == '?')
        query = query.Substring (1);
        
      NameValueCollection result = new HttpQSCollection ();
      ParseQueryString (query, encoding, result);
      return result;
    }

    internal static void ParseQueryString (string query, Encoding encoding, NameValueCollection result)
    {
      if (query.Length == 0)
        return;

      string decoded = HtmlDecode (query);
      int decodedLength = decoded.Length;
      int namePos = 0;
      bool first = true;
      while (namePos <= decodedLength) {
        int valuePos = -1, valueEnd = -1;
        for (int q = namePos; q < decodedLength; q++) {
          if (valuePos == -1 && decoded [q] == '=') {
            valuePos = q + 1;
          } else if (decoded [q] == '&') {
            valueEnd = q;
            break;
          }
        }

        if (first) {
          first = false;
          if (decoded [namePos] == '?')
            namePos++;
        }
        
        string name, value;
        if (valuePos == -1) {
          name = null;
          valuePos = namePos;
        } else {
          name = UrlDecode (decoded.Substring (namePos, valuePos - namePos - 1), encoding);
        }
        if (valueEnd < 0) {
          namePos = -1;
          valueEnd = decoded.Length;
        } else {
          namePos = valueEnd + 1;
        }
        value = UrlDecode (decoded.Substring (valuePos, valueEnd - valuePos), encoding);

        result.Add (name, value);
        if (namePos == -1)
          break;
      }
    }
    #endregion // Methods
  }
}

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