WSSecurityTokenSerializer.cs :  » 2.6.4-mono-.net-core » System.ServiceModel » System » ServiceModel » Security » C# / CSharp Open Source

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C# / CSharp Open Source » 2.6.4 mono .net core » System.ServiceModel 
System.ServiceModel » System » ServiceModel » Security » WSSecurityTokenSerializer.cs
//
// WSSecurityTokenSerializer.cs
//
// Author:
//  Atsushi Enomoto <atsushi@ximian.com>
//
// Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Novell, Inc.  http://www.novell.com
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IdentityModel.Selectors;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml;
using System.ServiceModel.Security.Tokens;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;

namespace System.ServiceModel.Security{
  public class WSSecurityTokenSerializer : SecurityTokenSerializer
  {
    static WSSecurityTokenSerializer default_instance =
      new WSSecurityTokenSerializer ();

    public static WSSecurityTokenSerializer DefaultInstance {
      get { return default_instance; }
    }

    const int defaultOffset = 64,
      defaultLabelLength = 128,
      defaultNonceLength = 128;

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer ()
      : this (false)
    {
    }

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (bool emitBspRequiredAttributes)
      : this (SecurityVersion.WSSecurity11, emitBspRequiredAttributes)
    {
    }

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (SecurityVersion securityVersion)
      : this (securityVersion, false)
    {
    }

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (SecurityVersion securityVersion, bool emitBspRequiredAttributes)
      : this (securityVersion, emitBspRequiredAttributes, new SamlSerializer ())
    {
    }

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (
      SecurityVersion securityVersion,
      bool emitBspRequiredAttributes,
      SamlSerializer samlSerializer)
      : this (securityVersion, emitBspRequiredAttributes, 
        samlSerializer, null, null)
    {
    }

    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (
      SecurityVersion securityVersion,
      bool emitBspRequiredAttributes,
      SamlSerializer samlSerializer,
      SecurityStateEncoder securityStateEncoder,
      IEnumerable<Type> knownTypes)
      : this (securityVersion, emitBspRequiredAttributes, 
        samlSerializer, securityStateEncoder,
        knownTypes, defaultOffset, defaultLabelLength,
        defaultNonceLength)
    {
    }
    
    public WSSecurityTokenSerializer (
      SecurityVersion securityVersion,
      bool emitBspRequiredAttributes,
      SamlSerializer samlSerializer,
      SecurityStateEncoder securityStateEncoder,
      IEnumerable<Type> knownTypes,
      int maximumKeyDerivationOffset,
      int maximumKeyDerivationLabelLength,
      int maximumKeyDerivationNonceLength)
    {
      security_version = securityVersion;
      emit_bsp = emitBspRequiredAttributes;
      saml_serializer = samlSerializer;
      encoder = securityStateEncoder;
      known_types = new List<Type> (knownTypes ?? Type.EmptyTypes);
      max_offset = maximumKeyDerivationOffset;
      max_label_length = maximumKeyDerivationLabelLength;
      max_nonce_length = maximumKeyDerivationNonceLength;

      if (encoder == null)
        encoder = new DataProtectionSecurityStateEncoder ();
    }

    SecurityVersion security_version;
    bool emit_bsp;
    SamlSerializer saml_serializer;
    SecurityStateEncoder encoder;
    List<Type> known_types;
    int max_offset, max_label_length, max_nonce_length;

    bool WSS1_0 {
      get { return SecurityVersion == SecurityVersion.WSSecurity10; }
    }

    public bool EmitBspRequiredAttributes {
      get { return emit_bsp; }
    }

    public SecurityVersion SecurityVersion {
      get { return security_version; }
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    public int MaximumKeyDerivationOffset {
      get { return max_offset; }
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    public int MaximumKeyDerivationLabelLength {
      get { return max_label_length; }
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    public int MaximumKeyDerivationNonceLength {
      get { return max_nonce_length; }
    }

    protected virtual string GetTokenTypeUri (Type tokenType)
    {
      if (tokenType == typeof (WrappedKeySecurityToken))
        return Constants.WSSEncryptedKeyToken;
      if (tokenType == typeof (X509SecurityToken))
        return Constants.WSSX509Token;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (RsaSecurityToken))
//        return null;
      if (tokenType == typeof (SamlSecurityToken))
        return Constants.WSSSamlToken;
      if (tokenType == typeof (SecurityContextSecurityToken))
        return Constants.WsscContextToken;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (huh))
//        return ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.SecureConversation;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (hah))
//        return ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.MutualSslnego;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (whoa))
//        return ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.AnonymousSslnego;
      if (tokenType == typeof (UserNameSecurityToken))
        return Constants.WSSUserNameToken;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (uhoh))
//        return ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.Spnego;
//      if (tokenType == typeof (SspiSecurityToken))
//        return ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.SspiCredential;
      if (tokenType == typeof (KerberosRequestorSecurityToken))
        return Constants.WSSKerberosToken;
      return null;
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanReadKeyIdentifierClauseCore (XmlReader reader)
    {
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      switch (reader.NamespaceURI) {
      case EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "EncryptedKey":
          return true;
        }
        break;
      case Constants.WssNamespace:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "SecurityTokenReference":
          return true;
        }
        break;
      }

      return false;
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanReadKeyIdentifierCore (XmlReader reader)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanReadTokenCore (XmlReader reader)
    {
      reader.MoveToContent ();

      switch (reader.NamespaceURI) {
      case Constants.WssNamespace:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "BinarySecurityToken":
        case "BinarySecret":
        case "UsernameToken":
          return true;
        }
        break;
      case Constants.WsscNamespace:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "DerivedKeyToken":
        case "SecurityContextToken":
          return true;
        }
        break;
      case EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "EncryptedKey":
          return true;
        }
        break;
      }
      return false;
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    public virtual SecurityKeyIdentifierClause CreateKeyIdentifierClauseFromTokenXml (
      XmlElement tokenXml, SecurityTokenReferenceStyle referenceStyle)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override SecurityKeyIdentifier ReadKeyIdentifierCore (
      XmlReader reader)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override SecurityKeyIdentifierClause ReadKeyIdentifierClauseCore (XmlReader reader)
    {
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      switch (reader.NamespaceURI) {
      case EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "EncryptedKey":
          return ReadEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (reader);
        }
        break;
      case Constants.WssNamespace:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "SecurityTokenReference":
          return ReadSecurityTokenReference (reader);
        }
        break;
      }

      throw new NotImplementedException (String.Format ("Security key identifier clause element '{0}' in namespace '{1}' is either not implemented or not supported.", reader.LocalName, reader.NamespaceURI));
    }

    SecurityKeyIdentifierClause ReadSecurityTokenReference (XmlReader reader)
    {
      reader.ReadStartElement ();
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      if (reader.NamespaceURI == SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl) {
        KeyInfoX509Data x509 = new KeyInfoX509Data ();
        x509.LoadXml (new XmlDocument ().ReadNode (reader) as XmlElement);
        if (x509.IssuerSerials.Count == 0)
          throw new XmlException ("'X509IssuerSerial' element is expected inside 'X509Data' element");
        X509IssuerSerial s = (X509IssuerSerial) x509.IssuerSerials [0];
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        reader.ReadEndElement ();
        return new X509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause (s.IssuerName, s.SerialNumber);
      }
      if (reader.NamespaceURI != Constants.WssNamespace)
        throw new XmlException (String.Format ("Unexpected SecurityTokenReference content: expected local name 'Reference' and namespace URI '{0}' but found local name '{1}' and namespace '{2}'.", Constants.WssNamespace, reader.LocalName, reader.NamespaceURI));

      switch (reader.LocalName) {
      case "Reference":
        Type ownerType = null;
        // FIXME: there could be more token types.
        if (reader.MoveToAttribute ("ValueType")) {
          switch (reader.Value) {
          case Constants.WSSEncryptedKeyToken:
            ownerType = typeof (WrappedKeySecurityToken);
            break;
          case Constants.WSSX509Token:
            ownerType = typeof (X509SecurityToken);
            break;
          case Constants.WsscContextToken:
            ownerType = typeof (SecurityContextSecurityToken);
            break;
          default:
            throw new XmlException (String.Format ("Unexpected ValueType in 'Reference' element: '{0}'", reader.Value));
          }
        }
        reader.MoveToElement ();
        string uri = reader.GetAttribute ("URI");
        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty (uri))
          uri = "#";
        SecurityKeyIdentifierClause ic = null;
        if (ownerType == typeof (SecurityContextSecurityToken) && uri [0] != '#')
          // FIXME: Generation?
          ic = new SecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause (new UniqueId (uri));
        else
         ic = new LocalIdKeyIdentifierClause (uri.Substring (1), ownerType);
        reader.Skip ();
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        reader.ReadEndElement ();
        return ic;
      case "KeyIdentifier":
        string valueType = reader.GetAttribute ("ValueType");
        string value = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ();
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        reader.ReadEndElement (); // consume </Reference>
        switch (valueType) {
        case Constants.WssKeyIdentifierX509Thumbptint:
          return new X509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause (Convert.FromBase64String (value));
        case Constants.WssKeyIdentifierEncryptedKey:
          return new InternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (Convert.FromBase64String (value));
        case Constants.WssKeyIdentifierSamlAssertion:
          return new SamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause (value);
        default:
          // It is kinda weird but it throws XmlException here ...
          throw new XmlException (String.Format ("KeyIdentifier type '{0}' is not supported in WSSecurityTokenSerializer.", valueType));
        }
      default:
        throw new XmlException (String.Format ("Unexpected SecurityTokenReference content: expected local name 'Reference' and namespace URI '{0}' but found local name '{1}' and namespace '{2}'.", Constants.WssNamespace, reader.LocalName, reader.NamespaceURI));
      }
    }

    EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause ReadEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlReader reader)
    {
      string encNS = EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl;

      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      reader.Read ();
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      string encMethod = reader.GetAttribute ("Algorithm");
      bool isEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
      reader.ReadStartElement ("EncryptionMethod", encNS);
      string digMethod = null;
      if (!isEmpty) {
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        if (reader.LocalName == "DigestMethod" && reader.NamespaceURI == SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl)
          digMethod = reader.GetAttribute ("Algorithm");
        while (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement) {
          reader.Skip ();
          reader.MoveToContent ();
        }
        reader.ReadEndElement ();
      }
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      SecurityKeyIdentifier ki = null;
      if (!reader.IsEmptyElement) {
        reader.ReadStartElement ("KeyInfo", SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl);
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        SecurityKeyIdentifierClause kic = ReadKeyIdentifierClauseCore (reader);
        ki = new SecurityKeyIdentifier ();
        ki.Add (kic);
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        reader.ReadEndElement (); // </ds:KeyInfo>
        reader.MoveToContent ();
      }
      byte [] keyValue = null;
      if (!reader.IsEmptyElement) {
        reader.ReadStartElement ("CipherData", encNS);
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        keyValue = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("CipherValue", encNS));
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        reader.ReadEndElement (); // CipherData
      }
      string carriedKeyName = null;
      if (!reader.IsEmptyElement && reader.LocalName == "CarriedKeyName" && reader.NamespaceURI == encNS) {
        carriedKeyName = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ();
        reader.MoveToContent ();
      }
      // FIXME: handle derived keys??
      return new EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (keyValue, encMethod, ki, carriedKeyName);
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override SecurityToken ReadTokenCore (
      XmlReader reader,
      SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver)
    {
      if (!CanReadToken (reader))
        throw new XmlException (String.Format ("Cannot read security token from {0} node of name '{1}' and namespace URI '{2}'", reader.NodeType, reader.LocalName, reader.NamespaceURI));

      switch (reader.NamespaceURI) {
      case Constants.WssNamespace:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "BinarySecurityToken":
          return ReadX509TokenCore (reader, tokenResolver);
        case "BinarySecret":
          return ReadBinarySecretTokenCore (reader, tokenResolver);
        case "UsernameToken":
          return ReadUserNameTokenCore (reader, tokenResolver);
        }
        break;
      case Constants.WsscNamespace:
        if (reader.LocalName == "DerivedKeyToken")
          return ReadDerivedKeyToken (reader, tokenResolver);
        if (reader.LocalName == "SecurityContextToken")
          return ReadSecurityContextToken (reader, tokenResolver);
        break;
      case EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl:
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "EncryptedKey":
          return ReadWrappedKeySecurityTokenCore (reader, tokenResolver);
        }
        break;
      }

      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    DerivedKeySecurityToken ReadDerivedKeyToken (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver)
    {
      try {
        return ReadDerivedKeyTokenCore (reader, tokenResolver);
      } catch (XmlException) {
        throw;
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new XmlException ("Cannot read DerivedKeyToken", ex);
      }
    }
    
    DerivedKeySecurityToken ReadDerivedKeyTokenCore (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver)
    {
      if (tokenResolver == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("tokenResolver");
      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      string algorithm = reader.MoveToAttribute ("Algorithm") ? reader.Value : null;
      reader.MoveToElement ();
      reader.ReadStartElement ();
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      SecurityKeyIdentifierClause kic = ReadKeyIdentifierClause (reader);
      int? generation = null, offset = null, length = null;
      byte [] nonce = null;
      string name = null, label = null;
      for (reader.MoveToContent ();
             reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement;
             reader.MoveToContent ())
        switch (reader.LocalName) {
        case "Properties":
          reader.ReadStartElement ("Properties", Constants.WsscNamespace);
          for (reader.MoveToContent ();
                 reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement;
                 reader.MoveToContent ())
            switch (reader.LocalName) {
            case "Name":
              name = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Name", Constants.WsscNamespace);
              break;
            case "Label":
              label = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Label", Constants.WsscNamespace);
              break;
            case "Nonce":
              nonce = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Nonce", Constants.WsscNamespace));
              break;
            }
          reader.ReadEndElement ();
          break;
        case "Offset":
          offset = reader.ReadElementContentAsInt ("Offset", Constants.WsscNamespace);
          break;
        case "Length":
          length = reader.ReadElementContentAsInt ("Length", Constants.WsscNamespace);
          break;
        case "Nonce":
          nonce = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Nonce", Constants.WsscNamespace));
          break;
        case "Label":
          label = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Label", Constants.WsscNamespace);
          break;
        }
      reader.ReadEndElement ();

      // resolve key reference
      SymmetricSecurityKey key = tokenResolver.ResolveSecurityKey (kic) as SymmetricSecurityKey;
      if (key == null)
        throw new XmlException ("Cannot resolve the security key referenced by the DerivedKeyToken as a symmetric key");

      return new DerivedKeySecurityToken (id, algorithm, kic, key, name, generation, offset, length, label, nonce);
    }

    // since it cannot consume RequestSecurityTokenResponse,
    // the token information cannot be complete.
    SecurityContextSecurityToken ReadSecurityContextToken (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver)
    {
      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      reader.Read ();

      // The input dnse:Cookie value is encrypted by the
      // server's SecurityStateEncoder
      // (setting error-raising encoder to ServiceCredentials.
      // SecureConversationAuthentication.SecurityStateEncoder
      // shows it).
      UniqueId cid = null;
      byte [] cookie = null;
      while (true) {
        reader.MoveToContent ();
        if (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element)
          break;
        switch (reader.NamespaceURI) {
        case Constants.WsscNamespace:
          switch (reader.LocalName) {
          case "Identifier":
            cid = new UniqueId (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ());
            continue;
          }
          break;
        case Constants.MSTlsnegoTokenContent:
          switch (reader.LocalName) {
          case "Cookie":
            cookie = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ());
            continue;
          }
          break;
        }
        throw new XmlException (String.Format ("Unexpected element {0} in namespace {1}", reader.LocalName, reader.NamespaceURI));
      }
      reader.ReadEndElement ();

      // LAMESPEC: at client side there is no way to specify
      // SecurityStateEncoder, so it must be guessed from
      // its cookie content itself.
      if (encoder == null) throw new Exception ();
      byte [] decoded =
        cookie != null && cookie.Length > 154 ?
        encoder.DecodeSecurityState (cookie) :
        cookie;
      return SslnegoCookieResolver.ResolveCookie (decoded, cookie);
    }

    WrappedKeySecurityToken ReadWrappedKeySecurityTokenCore (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver)
    {
      if (tokenResolver == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("tokenResolver");
      EncryptedKey ek = new EncryptedKey ();
      ek.LoadXml (new XmlDocument ().ReadNode (reader) as XmlElement);
      SecurityKeyIdentifier ki = new SecurityKeyIdentifier ();
      foreach (KeyInfoClause kic in ek.KeyInfo)
        ki.Add (ReadKeyIdentifierClause (new XmlNodeReader (kic.GetXml ())));
      SecurityToken token = tokenResolver.ResolveToken (ki);
      string alg = ek.EncryptionMethod.KeyAlgorithm;
      foreach (SecurityKey skey in token.SecurityKeys)
        if (skey.IsSupportedAlgorithm (alg)) {
          byte [] key = skey.DecryptKey (alg, ek.CipherData.CipherValue);
          WrappedKeySecurityToken wk =
            new WrappedKeySecurityToken (ek.Id, key, alg, token, ki);
          // FIXME: This should not be required.
          wk.SetWrappedKey (ek.CipherData.CipherValue);
          wk.ReferenceList = ek.ReferenceList;
          return wk;
        }
      throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("Cannot resolve security key with the resolved SecurityToken specified by the key identifier in the EncryptedKey XML. The key identifier is: {0}", ki));
    }

    X509SecurityToken ReadX509TokenCore (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver resolver)
    {
      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      byte [] raw = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ());
      return new X509SecurityToken (new X509Certificate2 (raw), id);
    }

    UserNameSecurityToken ReadUserNameTokenCore (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver resolver)
    {
      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      if (reader.IsEmptyElement)
        throw new XmlException ("At least UsernameToken must contain Username");
      reader.Read ();
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      string user = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Username", Constants.WssNamespace);
      reader.MoveToContent ();
      string pass = null;
      if (reader.LocalName == "Password" && reader.NamespaceURI == Constants.WssNamespace) {
        pass = reader.ReadElementContentAsString ("Password", Constants.WssNamespace);
        reader.MoveToContent ();
      }
      reader.ReadEndElement ();
      return id != null ?
        new UserNameSecurityToken (user, pass, id) :
        new UserNameSecurityToken (user, pass);
    }

    BinarySecretSecurityToken ReadBinarySecretTokenCore (
      XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver resolver)
    {
      string id = reader.GetAttribute ("Id", Constants.WsuNamespace);
      byte [] data = Convert.FromBase64String (reader.ReadElementContentAsString ());
      return new BinarySecretSecurityToken (id, data);
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanWriteKeyIdentifierCore (
      SecurityKeyIdentifier keyIdentifier)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanWriteKeyIdentifierClauseCore (
      SecurityKeyIdentifierClause keyIdentifierClause)
    {
      if (keyIdentifierClause == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("keyIdentifierClause");
      if (keyIdentifierClause is LocalIdKeyIdentifierClause ||
          keyIdentifierClause is SecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause ||
          keyIdentifierClause is X509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause ||
          (keyIdentifierClause is X509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause && !WSS1_0) ||
          keyIdentifierClause is EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause ||
          keyIdentifierClause is BinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause ||
          keyIdentifierClause is InternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause ||
          keyIdentifierClause is SamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause)
        return true;
      else
        return false;
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override bool CanWriteTokenCore (SecurityToken token)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override void WriteKeyIdentifierCore (
      XmlWriter writer,
      SecurityKeyIdentifier keyIdentifier)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override void WriteKeyIdentifierClauseCore (
      XmlWriter writer,
      SecurityKeyIdentifierClause keyIdentifierClause)
    {
      string errorReason = null;

      if (keyIdentifierClause == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException ("keyIdentifierClause");
      if (keyIdentifierClause is LocalIdKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteLocalIdKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (LocalIdKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is SecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteSecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (SecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is X509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteX509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (X509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is X509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause) {
        if (WSS1_0)
          errorReason = String.Format ("Security key identifier clause '{0}' is not supported in this serializer.", keyIdentifierClause.GetType ());
        else
          WriteX509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (X509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      }
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is BinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteBinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (BinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is InternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteInternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (InternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else if (keyIdentifierClause is SamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause)
        WriteSamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause (writer, (SamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause) keyIdentifierClause);
      else
        throw new NotImplementedException (String.Format ("Security key identifier clause '{0}' is not either implemented or supported.", keyIdentifierClause.GetType ()));

      if (errorReason != null)
        throw new InvalidOperationException (errorReason);
    }

    void WriteX509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, X509IssuerSerialKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("X509Data", Constants.XmlDsig);
      w.WriteStartElement ("X509IssuerSerial", Constants.XmlDsig);
      w.WriteStartElement ("X509IssuerName", Constants.XmlDsig);
      w.WriteString (ic.IssuerName);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteStartElement ("X509SerialNumber", Constants.XmlDsig);
      w.WriteString (ic.IssuerSerialNumber);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteX509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, X509ThumbprintKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "KeyIdentifier", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", Constants.WssKeyIdentifierX509Thumbptint);
      if (EmitBspRequiredAttributes)
        w.WriteAttributeString ("EncodingType", Constants.WssBase64BinaryEncodingType);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (ic.GetX509Thumbprint ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteLocalIdKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, LocalIdKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "Reference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      if (EmitBspRequiredAttributes && ic.OwnerType != null) {
        string vt = GetTokenTypeUri (ic.OwnerType);
        if (vt != null)
          w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", vt);
      }
      w.WriteAttributeString ("URI", "#" + ic.LocalId);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteSecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, SecurityContextKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "Reference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("URI", ic.ContextId.ToString ());
      string vt = GetTokenTypeUri (typeof (SecurityContextSecurityToken));
      w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", vt);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, EncryptedKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("e", "EncryptedKey", EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl);
      w.WriteStartElement ("EncryptionMethod", EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("Algorithm", ic.EncryptionMethod);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      if (ic.EncryptingKeyIdentifier != null) {
        w.WriteStartElement ("KeyInfo", SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl);
        foreach (SecurityKeyIdentifierClause ckic in ic.EncryptingKeyIdentifier)
          WriteKeyIdentifierClause (w, ckic);
        w.WriteEndElement ();
      }
      w.WriteStartElement ("CipherData", EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl);
      w.WriteStartElement ("CipherValue", EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (ic.GetEncryptedKey ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      if (ic.CarriedKeyName != null)
        w.WriteElementString ("CarriedKeyName", EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl, ic.CarriedKeyName);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteBinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, BinarySecretKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("t", "BinarySecret", Constants.WstNamespace);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (ic.GetBuffer ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteInternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause (
      XmlWriter w, InternalEncryptedKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "KeyIdentifier", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", Constants.WssKeyIdentifierEncryptedKey);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (ic.GetBuffer ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteSamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause (XmlWriter w, SamlAssertionKeyIdentifierClause ic)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "SecurityTokenReference", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "KeyIdentifier", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", Constants.WssKeyIdentifierSamlAssertion);
      w.WriteString (ic.AssertionId);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    [MonoTODO]
    protected override void WriteTokenCore (
      XmlWriter writer, SecurityToken token)
    {
      // WSSecurity supports:
      //  - UsernameToken : S.IM.T.UserNameSecurityToken
      //  - X509SecurityToken : S.IM.T.X509SecurityToken
      //  - SAML Assertion : S.IM.T.SamlSecurityToken
      //  - Kerberos : S.IM.T.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken
      //  - Rights Expression Language (REL) : N/A
      //  - SOAP with Attachments : N/A
      // they are part of standards support:
      //  - WrappedKey (EncryptedKey)
      //  - BinarySecret (WS-Trust)
      //  - SecurityContext (WS-SecureConversation)
      // additionally there are extra token types in WCF:
      //  - GenericXml
      //  - Windows
      //  - Sspi
      // not supported in this class:
      //  - Rsa

      if (token is UserNameSecurityToken)
        WriteUserNameSecurityToken (writer, ((UserNameSecurityToken) token));
      else if (token is X509SecurityToken)
        WriteX509SecurityToken (writer, ((X509SecurityToken) token));
      else if (token is BinarySecretSecurityToken)
        WriteBinarySecretSecurityToken (writer, ((BinarySecretSecurityToken) token));
      else if (token is SamlSecurityToken)
        throw new NotImplementedException ("WriteTokenCore() is not implemented for " + token);
      else if (token is GenericXmlSecurityToken)
        ((GenericXmlSecurityToken) token).TokenXml.WriteTo (writer);
      else if (token is WrappedKeySecurityToken)
        WriteWrappedKeySecurityToken (writer, (WrappedKeySecurityToken) token);
      else if (token is DerivedKeySecurityToken)
        WriteDerivedKeySecurityToken (writer, (DerivedKeySecurityToken) token);
      else if (token is SecurityContextSecurityToken)
        WriteSecurityContextSecurityToken (writer, (SecurityContextSecurityToken) token);
      else if (token is SspiSecurityToken)
        throw new NotImplementedException ("WriteTokenCore() is not implemented for " + token);
      else if (token is KerberosRequestorSecurityToken)
        throw new NotImplementedException ("WriteTokenCore() is not implemented for " + token);
      else if (token is WindowsSecurityToken)
        throw new NotImplementedException ("WriteTokenCore() is not implemented for " + token);
      else
        throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("This SecurityTokenSerializer does not support security token '{0}'.", token));
    }

    void WriteUserNameSecurityToken (XmlWriter w, UserNameSecurityToken token)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "UsernameToken", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("u", "Id", Constants.WsuNamespace, token.Id);
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "Username", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteString (token.UserName);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "Password", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteString (token.Password);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteX509SecurityToken (XmlWriter w, X509SecurityToken token)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("o", "BinarySecurityToken", Constants.WssNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("u", "Id", Constants.WsuNamespace, token.Id);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("ValueType", Constants.WSSX509Token);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (token.Certificate.RawData));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteBinarySecretSecurityToken (XmlWriter w, BinarySecretSecurityToken token)
    {
      w.WriteStartElement ("t", "BinarySecret", Constants.WstNamespace);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("u", "Id", Constants.WsuNamespace, token.Id);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (token.GetKeyBytes ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteDerivedKeySecurityToken (XmlWriter w, DerivedKeySecurityToken token)
    {
      string ns = Constants.WsscNamespace;
      w.WriteStartElement ("c", "DerivedKeyToken", ns);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("u", "Id", Constants.WsuNamespace, token.Id);
      WriteKeyIdentifierClause (w, token.TokenReference);
      if (token.Name != null) {
        w.WriteStartElement ("Properties", ns);
        w.WriteElementString ("Name", ns, token.Name);
        w.WriteEndElement ();
      }
      if (token.Offset != null)
        w.WriteElementString ("Offset", ns, Convert.ToString (token.Offset));
      if (token.Length != null)
        w.WriteElementString ("Length", ns, Convert.ToString (token.Length));
      if (token.Label != null)
        w.WriteElementString ("Label", ns, token.Label);
      w.WriteElementString ("Nonce", ns, Convert.ToBase64String (token.Nonce));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteWrappedKeySecurityToken (XmlWriter w, WrappedKeySecurityToken token)
    {
      string encNS = EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl;
      w.WriteStartElement ("e", "EncryptedKey", encNS);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("Id", token.Id);
      w.WriteStartElement ("EncryptionMethod", encNS);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("Algorithm", token.WrappingAlgorithm);
      w.WriteStartElement ("DigestMethod", SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("Algorithm", SignedXml.XmlDsigSHA1Url);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();

      w.WriteStartElement ("KeyInfo", SignedXml.XmlDsigNamespaceUrl);
      if (token.WrappingTokenReference != null)
        foreach (SecurityKeyIdentifierClause kic in token.WrappingTokenReference)
          WriteKeyIdentifierClause (w, kic);
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteStartElement ("CipherData", encNS);
      w.WriteStartElement ("CipherValue", encNS);
      w.WriteString (Convert.ToBase64String (token.GetWrappedKey ()));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      w.WriteEndElement ();
      if (token.ReferenceList != null) {
        w.WriteStartElement ("e", "ReferenceList", encNS);
        foreach (DataReference er in token.ReferenceList) {
          w.WriteStartElement ("DataReference", encNS);
          w.WriteAttributeString ("URI", er.Uri);
          w.WriteEndElement ();
        }
        w.WriteEndElement ();
      }
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }

    void WriteSecurityContextSecurityToken (XmlWriter w, SecurityContextSecurityToken token)
    {
      string ns = Constants.WsscNamespace;
      w.WriteStartElement ("c", "SecurityContextToken", ns);
      w.WriteAttributeString ("u", "Id", Constants.WsuNamespace, token.Id);
      w.WriteElementString ("Identifier", ns, token.ContextId.ToString ());
      // FIXME: add Cookie output (from CreateCookieSecurityContextToken() method)
      if (token.Cookie != null)
        w.WriteElementString ("dnse", "Cookie", Constants.MSTlsnegoTokenContent, Convert.ToBase64String (token.Cookie));
      w.WriteEndElement ();
    }
  }
}
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