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/**********************************************************
Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman
First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming"
by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications.
http://manning.com/selman
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
The license can be found on the WWW at:
http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html
Or by writing to:
Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Authors can be contacted at:
Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org
If you make changes you think others would like, please
contact one of the authors or someone at the
www.j3d.org web site.
**************************************************************/
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.media.j3d.Alpha;
import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.Bounds;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight;
import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Group;
import javax.media.j3d.Locale;
import javax.media.j3d.Material;
import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody;
import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment;
import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.View;
import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform;
import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Cylinder;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Sphere;
/**
* This example builds a basic hierarchical model of the top part of a human
* torso (2 arms, neck and head). the arms are built using a hierarchy of
* TransformGroups with Cylinders used for the geometry itself.
* RotationInterpolators are used to crudely animate the model.
*/
public class ScenegraphTest extends Java3dApplet {
private static int m_kWidth = 400;
private static int m_kHeight = 400;
public ScenegraphTest() {
initJava3d();
}
protected double getScale() {
return 8.0;
}
protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() {
BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup();
// create some lights for the scene
Color3f lColor1 = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
Vector3f lDir1 = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
Color3f alColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
AmbientLight aLgt = new AmbientLight(alColor);
aLgt.setInfluencingBounds(createApplicationBounds());
DirectionalLight lgt1 = new DirectionalLight(lColor1, lDir1);
lgt1.setInfluencingBounds(createApplicationBounds());
objRoot.addChild(aLgt);
objRoot.addChild(lgt1);
// create a rotator to spin the whole model around the Y axis
TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup();
objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D();
Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0,
4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha,
objTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f);
rotator.setSchedulingBounds(createApplicationBounds());
objTrans.addChild(rotator);
// build the model itself using helper methods
addHead(objTrans);
objTrans.addChild(createArm(0, 0, -Math.PI * 0.5));
objTrans.addChild(createArm(0, Math.PI, Math.PI * 0.5));
objRoot.addChild(objTrans);
return objRoot;
}
private void addHead(Group parentGroup) {
// add a cylinder for the Neck
TransformGroup tgNeck = addLimb(parentGroup, "Neck", 0.05, 0.2, 0.0,
0.0);
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Color3f black = new Color3f(0.4f, 0.2f, 0.1f);
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1, 0.8f, 0.6f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 90.0f));
// position a Sphere for the head itself
Sphere headSphere = new Sphere((float) 0.12,
Primitive.GENERATE_NORMALS, app);
tgNeck.addChild(headSphere);
}
// creates a hierarchical model of a basic arm.
// the arm is aligned using the three rotations: rotX, rotY, rotZ.
// by rotating the arm we are able to create a left and a right arm
// from the same code.
private TransformGroup createArm(double rotX, double rotY, double rotZ) {
TransformGroup tgShoulder = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setEuler(new Vector3d(rotX, rotY, rotZ));
tgShoulder.setTransform(t3d);
TransformGroup tgParent = null;
tgParent = addLimb(tgShoulder, "Upper Arm", 0.05, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0);
tgParent = addLimb(tgParent, "Lower Arm", 0.03, 0.4, Math.PI * -0.5,
Math.PI * 0.8);
TransformGroup tgWrist = addLimb(tgParent, "Wrist", 0.03, 0.07, 0.0,
Math.PI * 0.5);
addLimb(tgWrist, "Thumb", 0.01, 0.05, 0.0, Math.PI * 0.5);
addLimb(tgWrist, "Finger 1", 0.01, 0.08, 0.0, Math.PI * 0.3);
addLimb(tgWrist, "Finger 2", 0.01, 0.10, 0.0, Math.PI * 0.3);
addLimb(tgWrist, "Finger 3", 0.01, 0.08, 0.0, Math.PI * 0.3);
addLimb(tgWrist, "Finger 4", 0.01, 0.05, 0.0, Math.PI * 0.3);
return tgShoulder;
}
// adds a cylinder for a limb to the parentGroup.
// optionally adds a rotator to rotate the limb between rotMin and rotMax
// radians.
private TransformGroup addLimb(Group parentGroup, String szName,
double radius, double length, double rotMin, double rotMax) {
// create the rotator
TransformGroup tgJoint = new TransformGroup();
tgJoint.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
tgJoint.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
// add a rotator if necessary
if (rotMin != rotMax) {
Transform3D xAxis = new Transform3D();
xAxis.rotX(Math.PI / 2.0);
Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0,
4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(
rotationAlpha, tgJoint, xAxis, (float) rotMin,
(float) rotMax);
rotator.setSchedulingBounds(createApplicationBounds());
tgJoint.addChild(rotator);
}
// create a cylinder using length and radius
tgJoint.addChild(createLimb(radius, length));
// create the joint (the *next* TG should
// be offset by the length of this limb)
TransformGroup tgOffset = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0, length, 0));
tgOffset.setTransform(t3d);
tgJoint.addChild(tgOffset);
parentGroup.addChild(tgJoint);
// return the offset TG, so any child TG's will be added
// in the correct position.
return tgOffset;
}
// creates and aligns a cylinder to represent a simple limb.
TransformGroup createLimb(double radius, double length) {
// because the cylinder is centered at 0,0,0
// we need to shift the cylinder so that the bottom of
// the cylinder is at 0,0,0 and the top is at 0, length, 0
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0, length / 2, 0));
tg.setTransform(t3d);
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Color3f black = new Color3f(0.4f, 0.2f, 0.1f);
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1, 0.8f, 0.6f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 90.0f));
Cylinder cylinder = new Cylinder((float) radius, (float) length,
Primitive.GENERATE_NORMALS, app);
tg.addChild(cylinder);
return tg;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScenegraphTest sceneTest = new ScenegraphTest();
sceneTest.saveCommandLineArguments(args);
new MainFrame(sceneTest, m_kWidth, m_kHeight);
}
}
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman
*
* First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and
* published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
* Foundation, version 2.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
* details.
*
* The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite
* 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
* Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org
*
* If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the
* authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site.
******************************************************************************/
//*****************************************************************************
/**
* Java3dApplet
*
* Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for
* defining views and scenegraphs etc.
*
* @author Daniel Selman
* @version 1.0
*/
//*****************************************************************************
abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet {
public static int m_kWidth = 300;
public static int m_kHeight = 300;
protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null;
protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null;
protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null;
protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null;
// protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null;
public Java3dApplet() {
}
public boolean isApplet() {
try {
System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("Running as Application.");
return false;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
System.out.println("Running as Applet.");
return true;
}
public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException {
URL url = null;
try {
File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
System.out.println("Running as Application:");
System.out.println(" " + file.toURL());
return file.toURL();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
System.out.println("Running as Applet:");
System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase());
return getCodeBase();
}
public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() {
return m_Universe;
}
//public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() {
//return m_Java3dTree;
// }
public Locale getFirstLocale() {
java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales();
if (e.hasMoreElements() != false)
return (Locale) e.nextElement();
return null;
}
protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() {
if (m_ApplicationBounds == null)
m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds();
return m_ApplicationBounds;
}
protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() {
m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
100.0);
return m_ApplicationBounds;
}
protected Background createBackground() {
Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds());
return back;
}
public void initJava3d() {
// m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree();
m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse();
Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe);
BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup();
ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform();
BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(
getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp);
createView(vp);
Background background = createBackground();
if (background != null)
sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background);
// m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup);
// m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup);
locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup);
addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup);
onDoneInit();
}
protected void onDoneInit() {
// m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe);
}
protected double getScale() {
return 1.0;
}
public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() {
TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1];
tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup();
// move the camera BACK a little...
// note that we have to invert the matrix as
// we are moving the viewer
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setScale(getScale());
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0));
t3d.invert();
tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d);
return tgArray;
}
protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) {
locale.addBranchGraph(bg);
}
protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) {
return new Locale(u);
}
protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() {
m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup();
return m_SceneBranchGroup;
}
protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) {
View view = new View();
PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody();
PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment();
AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe);
if (audioDevice != null) {
pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice);
audioDevice.initialize();
}
view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe);
view.setPhysicalBody(pb);
if (vp != null)
view.attachViewPlatform(vp);
view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance());
view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance());
Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D();
view.addCanvas3D(c3d);
addCanvas3D(c3d);
return view;
}
protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() {
return new PhysicalBody();
}
protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) {
JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe);
if (javaSoundMixer == null)
System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed");
return javaSoundMixer;
}
protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() {
return new PhysicalEnvironment();
}
protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() {
return 100;
}
protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() {
ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform();
vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW);
vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius());
return vp;
}
protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() {
GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D();
gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED);
GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
.getScreenDevices();
Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D));
c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d));
return c3d;
}
protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) {
return m_kWidth;
}
protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) {
return m_kHeight;
}
protected double getBackClipDistance() {
return 100.0;
}
protected double getFrontClipDistance() {
return 1.0;
}
protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray,
ViewPlatform vp) {
BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup();
if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) {
Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup;
TransformGroup curTg = null;
for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) {
curTg = tgArray[n];
parentGroup.addChild(curTg);
parentGroup = curTg;
}
tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp);
} else
vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp);
return vpBranchGroup;
}
protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER);
doLayout();
}
protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() {
return new VirtualUniverse();
}
protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) {
m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs;
}
protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() {
return m_szCommandLineArray;
}
}
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